Livestock Metabolome Database: Showing metabocard for D-Glucose (LMDB00048)

Identification Taxonomy Ontology Physical properties Spectra Biological properties Concentrations Links References XML

Record Information

Version

1.0

Creation Date

2016-07-13 19:41:14 UTC

Update Date

2021-04-30 20:57:57 UTC

Lmdb

LMDB00048

Secondary Accession Numbers

None

Metabolite Identification

Common Name

D-Glucose

Description

Glucose is a monosaccharide containing six carbon atoms and an aldehyde group and is therefore referred to as an aldohexose. The glucose molecule can exist in an open-chain (acyclic) and ring (cyclic) form, the latter being the result of an intramolecular reaction between the aldehyde C atom and the C-5 hydroxyl group to form an intramolecular hemiacetal. In water solution both forms are in equilibrium and at pH 7 the cyclic one is the predominant. Glucose is a primary source of energy for living organisms. It is naturally occurring and is found in fruits and other parts of plants in its free state. In animals glucose arises from the breakdown of glycogen in a process known as glycogenolysis. Glucose is synthesized in the liver and kidneys from non-carbohydrate intermediates, such as pyruvate and glycerol, by a process known as gluconeogenesis.

Structure

MOL SDF PDB SMILES InChI

Synonyms

Value	Source
D-GLC	ChEBI
D-GLCP	ChEBI
Dextrose	ChEBI
GLC-OH	ChEBI
Glucose	ChEBI
Grape sugar	ChEBI
WURCS=2.0/1,1,0/[a2122h-1x_1-5]/1/	ChEBI
Purified glucose	Kegg
D-Glucopyranose	Kegg
Roferose ST	HMDB
(+)-Glucose	HMDB
Anhydrous dextrose	HMDB, MeSH
Cerelose	HMDB
Cerelose 2001	HMDB
Clearsweet 95	HMDB
Clintose L	HMDB
Corn sugar	HMDB
CPC Hydrate	HMDB
D(+)-Glucose	HMDB
Dextropur	HMDB
Dextrosol	HMDB
Glucodin	HMDB
Glucolin	HMDB
Goldsugar	HMDB
Meritose	HMDB
Staleydex 111	HMDB
Staleydex 95m	HMDB
Tabfine 097(HS)	HMDB
Vadex	HMDB
D Glucose	MeSH, HMDB
Glucose, (DL)-isomer	MeSH, HMDB
Glucose, (L)-isomer	MeSH, HMDB
Glucose, (beta-D)-isomer	MeSH, HMDB
Glucose monohydrate	MeSH, HMDB
Glucose, (alpha-D)-isomer	MeSH, HMDB
L Glucose	MeSH, HMDB
L-Glucose	MeSH, HMDB
Dextrose, anhydrous	MeSH, HMDB
Monohydrate, glucose	MeSH, HMDB

Chemical Formula

C₆H₁₂O₆

Average Molecular Weight

180.1559

Monoisotopic Molecular Weight

180.063388116

IUPAC Name

(3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-2,3,4,5-tetrol

Traditional Name

glucose

CAS Registry Number

50-99-7

SMILES

OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O

InChI Identifier

InChI=1S/C6H12O6/c7-1-2-3(8)4(9)5(10)6(11)12-2/h2-11H,1H2/t2-,3-,4+,5-,6?/m1/s1

InChI Key

WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N

Chemical Taxonomy

Description

belongs to the class of organic compounds known as hexoses. These are monosaccharides in which the sugar unit is a is a six-carbon containing moeity.

Kingdom

Organic compounds

Super Class

Organic oxygen compounds

Class

Organooxygen compounds

Sub Class

Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates

Direct Parent

Hexoses

Alternative Parents

Substituents

Hexose monosaccharide
Oxane
Secondary alcohol
Hemiacetal
Oxacycle
Organoheterocyclic compound
Polyol
Hydrocarbon derivative
Primary alcohol
Alcohol
Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compound

Molecular Framework

Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compounds

External Descriptors

glucopyranose (CHEBI:4167 )
D-glucose (CHEBI:4167 )
Aldoses (C00031 )

Ontology

Status

Detected and Quantified

Origin

Not Available

Biofunction

Not Available

Application

Not Available

Cellular locations

Not Available

Physical Properties

State

Not Available

Experimental Properties

Property	Value	Reference
Melting Point	Not Available	Not Available
Boiling Point	Not Available	Not Available
Water Solubility	Not Available	Not Available
LogP	Not Available	Not Available

Predicted Properties

Property	Value	Source
logP	-2.6	ALOGPS
logP	-2.9	ChemAxon
logS	0.64	ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)	11.3	ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)	-3	ChemAxon
Physiological Charge	0	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count	6	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count	5	ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area	110.38 Å²	ChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count	1	ChemAxon
Refractivity	35.92 m³·mol⁻¹	ChemAxon
Polarizability	16.37 Å³	ChemAxon
Number of Rings	1	ChemAxon
Bioavailability	Yes	ChemAxon
Rule of Five	Yes	ChemAxon
Ghose Filter	Yes	ChemAxon
Veber's Rule	Yes	ChemAxon
MDDR-like Rule	Yes	ChemAxon

Spectra

Spectrum Type	Description	Splash Key	View
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (5 TMS)	splash10-00kb-1931000000-ec21c3af97621f7bf95a	Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (5 TMS)	splash10-0fr2-1920000000-f53c5f0d5ad84d32679f	Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (5 TMS; 1 MEOX)	splash10-00di-9821000000-dbc697213e3b7cc9d4fe	Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (5 TMS; 1 MEOX)	splash10-00di-9621000000-9d1d8057758d3da8caca	Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (4 TMS)	splash10-014i-2490000000-3ed4c4fd34c05bad95f7	Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (1 MEOX; 5 TMS)	splash10-066r-1952000000-3378cb724e551e8b0267	Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (5 TMS)	splash10-0udl-0690000000-c8fda4276ff69235f30d	Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (1 MEOX; 5 TMS)	splash10-0ldi-1942000000-5d531ed23a4e82023d1c	Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (5 TMS)	splash10-0udi-0790000000-7ebe75cd633c58d761fa	Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)	splash10-00kb-1931000000-ec21c3af97621f7bf95a	Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)	splash10-0fr2-1920000000-f53c5f0d5ad84d32679f	Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)	splash10-00di-9821000000-dbc697213e3b7cc9d4fe	Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)	splash10-00di-9621000000-9d1d8057758d3da8caca	Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized)	splash10-014i-2490000000-3ed4c4fd34c05bad95f7	Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized)	splash10-066r-1952000000-3378cb724e551e8b0267	Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized)	splash10-0udl-0690000000-c8fda4276ff69235f30d	Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized)	splash10-0ldi-1942000000-5d531ed23a4e82023d1c	Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized)	splash10-0udi-0790000000-7ebe75cd633c58d761fa	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive	splash10-0np0-9700000000-e8d638dc817e46b97d7b	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (5 TMS) - 70eV, Positive	splash10-004i-6122690000-eaf6f7adf34ccd0c667b	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 10V, N/A (Annotated)	splash10-0002-9300000000-839f41cf94a071fcdb37	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 25V, N/A (Annotated)	splash10-0002-9000000000-807f75d14f3d0b66f5bd	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 40V, N/A (Annotated)	splash10-000t-9000000000-b89668f86992a8363664	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 10V, Negative	splash10-000i-7900000000-9a673c2e4b82ca397421	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 20V, Negative	splash10-0a4r-9100000000-b70415588e768ddce5ef	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 30V, Negative	splash10-0a4i-9000000000-73dc84dd88d8ae69fe02	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 40V, Negative	splash10-0a4i-9000000000-ba39d4ed9431a1d01eab	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 50V, Negative	splash10-0a4i-9000000000-a61efd1469735758b317	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , negative	splash10-000i-7900000000-9a673c2e4b82ca397421	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , negative	splash10-0a4r-9100000000-9c25b149885d8a48aab5	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , negative	splash10-0a4i-9000000000-76d92ea96364c24ecfb0	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , negative	splash10-0a4i-9000000000-ba39d4ed9431a1d01eab	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , negative	splash10-0a4i-9000000000-a61efd1469735758b317	Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive	splash10-01q9-0900000000-b0bc47623e7b2ca31c02	Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive	splash10-03ea-3900000000-648e1637af29cf2a3518	Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive	splash10-0007-9200000000-9e6f46a1cbf52d6e347a	Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative	splash10-004i-2900000000-a4ec4f0b1e29e360a952	Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative	splash10-01t9-6900000000-7b3ea9c64ecc8d4ac867	Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative	splash10-052f-9100000000-ec2bf4918640a0a36398	Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive	splash10-03di-1900000000-6e953691e4c61d5123d9	Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive	splash10-000j-9200000000-42768e14d42bd5ebe785	Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive	splash10-08ov-9000000000-ee9eba654c17ccffa05f	Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative	splash10-0a6r-9700000000-b92609de9f7db41f6d8f	Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative	splash10-0a4l-9100000000-31314220c313e7443171	Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative	splash10-0a4l-9000000000-2a9c77b5036ec23fe0d4	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
2D NMR	[1H,13C] 2D NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum

Biological Properties

Cellular Locations

Not Available

Biofluid Locations and Tissue Locations

Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
Colostrum
Feces
Follicular Fluid
Kidney perfusate
Lung
Meat
Milk
Plasma
Ruminal Fluid
Serum
Synovial Fluid
Urine
Vitreous Humour

Concentrations

Biofluid	Status	Value	Condition	Species	Reference	Details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Ovine	17510975	details
Colostrum	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	22417363	details
Colostrum	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	S. F. Graham, T. ...	details
Feces	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Equine	E. E. Escalona, J...	details
Follicular Fluid	Detected and Quantified	377.451-2414.575 uM	Not Available	Bovine	C. Lutwak-Mann. N...	details
Follicular Fluid	Detected and Quantified	2053.777 +/- 222.0299 uM	Not Available	Porcine	183842	details
Kidney perfusate	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Porcine	25502759	details
Lung	Detected and Quantified	1.40+/-0.15 umol/g	Not Available	Porcine	23412987	details
Meat	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	22417363	details
Meat	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	S. F. Graham, T. ...	details
Meat	Detected and Quantified	5.59+/-2.35 umol/g	Not Available	Bovine	S. F. Graham, T. ...	details
Meat	Detected and Quantified	5.64+/-2.87 umol/g	Not Available	Bovine	S. F. Graham, T. ...	details
Meat	Detected and Quantified	6.00+/-2.47 umol/g	Not Available	Bovine	S. F. Graham, T. ...	details
Meat	Detected and Quantified	6.31+/-0.85 umol/g	Not Available	Bovine	S. F. Graham, T. ...	details
Milk	Detected and Quantified	62.723 uM	Not Available	Bovine	11913692	details
Milk	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	23497994	details
Milk	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	25108860	details
Milk	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	Kurt J. Boudonck,...	details
Milk	Detected and Quantified	76-662 uM	Not Available	Bovine	20338431	details
Plasma	Detected and Quantified	4390 +/- 160-5080+/-280 uM	Not Available	Porcine	22612070	details
Plasma	Detected and Quantified	2941.896 +/- 253.114 uM	Not Available	Bovine	Abdullah BAŞOĞLU,...	details
Plasma	Detected and Quantified	4196.365 +/- 505.118 uM	Not Available	Bovine	C. R. E. Cogginsa...	details
Plasma	Detected and Quantified	4507.207 +/- 212.0386 uM	Not Available	Bovine	Abdullah BAŞOĞLU,...	details
Plasma	Detected and Quantified	6805.217 +/- 757.122 uM	Not Available	Bovine	Abdullah BAŞOĞLU,...	details
Plasma	Detected and Quantified	3860-7810 uM	Not Available	Porcine	19603403	details
Plasma	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	22370585	details
Plasma	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	22370585	details
Plasma	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Ovine	24937646	details
Plasma	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	25913299	details
Plasma	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	25913299	details
Plasma	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Porcine	22612070	details
Plasma	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Porcine	21859467	details
Plasma	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	24070026	details
Plasma	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Equine	21496096	details
Plasma	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	Trabi M, Keller M...	details
Plasma	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Equine	E. E. Escalona, J...	details
Plasma	Detected and Quantified	3430-4620 uM	Not Available	Porcine	Jianxiang XU,Deng...	details
Plasma	Detected and Quantified	4090 +/- 150-3910+/-120 uM	Not Available	Porcine	22513987	details
Plasma	Detected and Quantified	4940 +/- 1280-4990+/-1140 uM	Not Available	Porcine	22513987	details
Plasma	Detected and Quantified	5110 +/- 490-5030+/-70 uM	Not Available	Porcine	22513987	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	580 uM	Not Available	Bovine	Burim NA, Qendrim...	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	720 uM	Not Available	Bovine	Burim NA, Qendrim...	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	2090 uM	Not Available	Bovine	Burim NA, Qendrim...	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	2090 uM	Not Available	Bovine	Burim NA, Qendrim...	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	520 uM	Not Available	Bovine	22959937	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	750 uM	Not Available	Bovine	22959937	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	1100 uM	Not Available	Bovine	22959937	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	2430 uM	Not Available	Bovine	22959937	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	1,806 +/- 1,305 uM	Not Available	Bovine	Saleem F, Bouatra...	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	490 +/- 127 uM	Not Available	Bovine	Saleem F, Bouatra...	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	523 +/- 130 uM	Not Available	Bovine	Saleem F, Bouatra...	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	549 +/- 97 uM	Not Available	Bovine	Saleem F, Bouatra...	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	549 +/- 97 uM	Not Available	Bovine	Saleem F, Bouatra...	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	996 +/- 334 uM	Not Available	Bovine	Saleem F, Bouatra...	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	400 uM	Not Available	Bovine	24617926	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	3608.4349 +/- 984.607 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	4533.851-4546.618 uM	Not Available	Ovine	Edson Ferraz Evar...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	3541.4445 +/- 1082.2581 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	5080 uM	Not Available	Porcine	23255817	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	6860 uM	Not Available	Porcine	23255817	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	3421.7786 +/- 603.4871 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	3488.6483 +/- 1150.3297 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	3051.53 +/- 898.82 uM	Not Available	Ovine	Candidate serum m...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	8070 +/- 1410 uM	Not Available	Porcine	21429726	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	5780 +/- 920 uM	Not Available	Porcine	21429726	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	3587.0437 +/- 933.6861 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	3172.4431 +/- 692.6131 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	3721.109 +/- 1259.6887 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	8070 +/- 1410 uM	Not Available	Porcine	18989615	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	8620 +/- 1590 uM	Not Available	Porcine	18989615	details
Serum	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	19275474	details
Serum	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Porcine	23255817	details
Serum	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Porcine	22761248	details
Serum	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	25372282	details
Serum	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	25372282	details
Serum	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	25372282	details
Serum	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Ovine	21142080	details
Serum	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Ovine	21142080	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	3923.9699 +/- 1217.4115 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	3413.0061 +/- 588.604 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	3702.349 uM	Not Available	Bovine	M.J. Abarghuei, Y...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	3807.813 uM	Not Available	Bovine	M.J. Abarghuei, Y...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	4013.191 uM	Not Available	Bovine	M.J. Abarghuei, Y...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	4213.0177 uM	Not Available	Bovine	M.J. Abarghuei, Y...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	3308.5012 +/- 1022.3276 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	5939.300 +/- 555.0748 uM	Not Available	Porcine	183842	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	3306.8794 +/- 521.8162 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	3889.1032 +/- 1222.1558 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	3669.2439 +/- 599.5489 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	5550 uM	Not Available	Bovine	2286555	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	5570 uM	Not Available	Bovine	2286555	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	3338.6561 +/- 627.4642 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	3485.5 +/- 844.6245 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	7900 uM	Not Available	Porcine	Barbara U. Metzle...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	8800 uM	Not Available	Porcine	Barbara U. Metzle...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	7600 uM	Not Available	Porcine	Barbara U. Metzle...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	9200 uM	Not Available	Porcine	Barbara U. Metzle...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	3908.5176 +/- 1209.4847 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	3482.5165 +/- 770.3659 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	3737.4155 +/- 738.0257 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	3332.9623 +/- 592.5346 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	3512.6663 +/- 772.6935 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Synovial Fluid	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Ovine	25283885	details
Urine	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	22436164	details
Urine	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	22436164	details
Urine	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Porcine	24696864	details
Urine	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Ovine	21142080	details
Urine	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Porcine	Federica Murgia, ...	details
Urine	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Equine	E. E. Escalona, J...	details
Vitreous Humour	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Caprine	24845217	details