Livestock Metabolome Database: Showing metabocard for L-Tyrosine (LMDB00068)

Identification Taxonomy Ontology Physical properties Spectra Biological properties Concentrations Links References XML

Record Information

Version

1.0

Creation Date

2016-07-13 19:41:40 UTC

Update Date

2021-04-30 20:57:59 UTC

Lmdb

LMDB00068

Secondary Accession Numbers

None

Metabolite Identification

Common Name

L-Tyrosine

Description

Tyrosine is an essential amino acid that readily passes the blood-brain barrier. Once in the brain, it is a precursor for the neurotransmitters dopamine, norepinephrine and epinephrine, better known as adrenalin. These neurotransmitters are an important part of the body's sympathetic nervous system, and their concentrations in the body and brain are directly dependent upon dietary tyrosine. Tyrosine is not found in large concentrations throughout the body, probably because it is rapidly metabolized. Folic acid, copper and vitamin C are cofactor nutrients of these reactions. Tyrosine is also the precursor for hormones, thyroid, catecholestrogens and the major animal pigment, melanin. Tyrosine is an important amino acid in many proteins, peptides and even enkephalins, the body's natural pain reliever. Valine and other branched amino acids, and possibly tryptophan and phenylalanine may reduce tyrosine absorption. A number of genetic errors of tyrosine metabolism occur. Most common is the increased amount of tyrosine in the blood of premature infants, which is marked by decreased motor activity, lethargy and poor feeding. Infection and intellectual deficits may occur. Vitamin C supplements reverse the disease. Some adults also develop elevated tyrosine in their blood. This indicates a need for more vitamin C. More tyrosine is needed under stress, and tyrosine supplements prevent the stress-induced depletion of norepinephrine and can cure biochemical depression. However, tyrosine may not be good for psychosis. Many antipsychotic medications apparently function by inhibiting tyrosine metabolism. L-dopa, which is directly used in Parkinson's, is made from tyrosine. Tyrosine, the nutrient, can be used as an adjunct in the treatment of Parkinson's. Peripheral metabolism of tyrosine necessitates large doses of tyrosine, however, compared to L-dopa. (http://www.dcnutrition.com).

Structure

MOL SDF PDB SMILES InChI

Synonyms

Value	Source
(-)-alpha-Amino-p-hydroxyhydrocinnamic acid	ChEBI
(2S)-2-Amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid	ChEBI
(S)-(-)-Tyrosine	ChEBI
(S)-2-Amino-3-(p-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid	ChEBI
(S)-3-(p-Hydroxyphenyl)alanine	ChEBI
(S)-alpha-Amino-4-hydroxybenzenepropanoic acid	ChEBI
(S)-Tyrosine	ChEBI
4-Hydroxy-L-phenylalanine	ChEBI
L-Tyrosin	ChEBI
Tyr	ChEBI
TYROSINE	ChEBI
Y	ChEBI
(-)-a-Amino-p-hydroxyhydrocinnamate	Generator
(-)-a-Amino-p-hydroxyhydrocinnamic acid	Generator
(-)-alpha-Amino-p-hydroxyhydrocinnamate	Generator
(-)-Α-amino-p-hydroxyhydrocinnamate	Generator
(-)-Α-amino-p-hydroxyhydrocinnamic acid	Generator
(2S)-2-Amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate	Generator
(S)-2-Amino-3-(p-hydroxyphenyl)propionate	Generator
(S)-a-Amino-4-hydroxybenzenepropanoate	Generator
(S)-a-Amino-4-hydroxybenzenepropanoic acid	Generator
(S)-alpha-Amino-4-hydroxybenzenepropanoate	Generator
(S)-Α-amino-4-hydroxybenzenepropanoate	Generator
(S)-Α-amino-4-hydroxybenzenepropanoic acid	Generator
(S)-a-Amino-4-hydroxy-benzenepropanoate	HMDB
(S)-a-Amino-4-hydroxy-benzenepropanoic acid	HMDB
(S)-alpha-Amino-4-hydroxy-benzenepropanoate	HMDB
(S)-alpha-Amino-4-hydroxy-benzenepropanoic acid	HMDB
2-Amino-3-(4-hydroxyphen yl)-2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propanoate	HMDB
2-Amino-3-(4-hydroxyphen yl)-2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propanoic acid	HMDB
3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-L-alanine	HMDB
Benzenepropanoate	HMDB
Benzenepropanoic acid	HMDB
L-p-Tyrosine	HMDB
p-Tyrosine	HMDB
L Tyrosine	HMDB
Tyrosine, L-isomer	HMDB
Tyrosine, L isomer	HMDB
Para tyrosine	HMDB
Para-tyrosine	HMDB

Chemical Formula

C₉H₁₁NO₃

Average Molecular Weight

181.1885

Monoisotopic Molecular Weight

181.073893223

IUPAC Name

(2S)-2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid

Traditional Name

L-tyrosine

CAS Registry Number

60-18-4

SMILES

N[C@@H](CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1)C(O)=O

InChI Identifier

InChI=1S/C9H11NO3/c10-8(9(12)13)5-6-1-3-7(11)4-2-6/h1-4,8,11H,5,10H2,(H,12,13)/t8-/m0/s1

InChI Key

OUYCCCASQSFEME-QMMMGPOBSA-N

Chemical Taxonomy

Description

belongs to the class of organic compounds known as tyrosine and derivatives. Tyrosine and derivatives are compounds containing tyrosine or a derivative thereof resulting from reaction of tyrosine at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of glycine by a heteroatom.

Kingdom

Organic compounds

Super Class

Organic acids and derivatives

Class

Carboxylic acids and derivatives

Sub Class

Amino acids, peptides, and analogues

Direct Parent

Tyrosine and derivatives

Alternative Parents

Substituents

Tyrosine or derivatives
Phenylalanine or derivatives
3-phenylpropanoic-acid
Alpha-amino acid
Amphetamine or derivatives
L-alpha-amino acid
1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoid
Phenol
Aralkylamine
Monocyclic benzene moiety
Benzenoid
Amino acid
Carboxylic acid
Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
Organic oxide
Organooxygen compound
Organonitrogen compound
Amine
Primary aliphatic amine
Organic nitrogen compound
Carbonyl group
Organopnictogen compound
Organic oxygen compound
Hydrocarbon derivative
Primary amine
Aromatic homomonocyclic compound

Molecular Framework

Aromatic homomonocyclic compounds

External Descriptors

proteinogenic amino acid (CHEBI:17895 )
L-alpha-amino acid (CHEBI:17895 )
tyrosine (CHEBI:17895 )
erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid (CHEBI:17895 )
Common amino acids (C00082 )

Ontology

Status

Detected and Quantified

Origin

Not Available

Biofunction

Not Available

Application

Not Available

Cellular locations

Not Available

Physical Properties

State

Not Available

Experimental Properties

Property	Value	Reference
Melting Point	Not Available	Not Available
Boiling Point	Not Available	Not Available
Water Solubility	Not Available	Not Available
LogP	Not Available	Not Available

Predicted Properties

Property	Value	Source
logP	-2.4	ALOGPS
logP	-1.5	ChemAxon
logS	-1.4	ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)	2	ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)	9.19	ChemAxon
Physiological Charge	0	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count	4	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count	3	ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area	83.55 Å²	ChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count	3	ChemAxon
Refractivity	47.1 m³·mol⁻¹	ChemAxon
Polarizability	18.01 Å³	ChemAxon
Number of Rings	1	ChemAxon
Bioavailability	Yes	ChemAxon
Rule of Five	Yes	ChemAxon
Ghose Filter	Yes	ChemAxon
Veber's Rule	Yes	ChemAxon
MDDR-like Rule	Yes	ChemAxon

Spectra

Spectrum Type	Description	Splash Key	View
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (3 TMS)	splash10-014i-0690000000-cbbf40bb26fc84f2aead	Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (3 TMS)	splash10-014i-0890000000-ca45f993f95c8b0cee44	Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (3 TMS)	splash10-014i-0890000000-5749069211ba15d713ef	Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (3 TMS)	splash10-00xr-9240000000-2c87373c0d964e0edef5	Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (Non-derivatized)	splash10-014i-0890000000-848b2a4f247a0b3f14e8	Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (3 TMS)	splash10-00xr-9450000000-6d4550940f4dde6f18ff	Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (2 TMS)	splash10-004i-1910000000-5cc19cad5dc24b3b9b11	Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (3 TMS)	splash10-014i-1790000000-de22041357aadf60a06b	Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)	splash10-014i-0690000000-cbbf40bb26fc84f2aead	Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)	splash10-014i-0890000000-ca45f993f95c8b0cee44	Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)	splash10-014i-0890000000-5749069211ba15d713ef	Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)	splash10-00xr-9240000000-2c87373c0d964e0edef5	Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)	splash10-014i-0890000000-848b2a4f247a0b3f14e8	Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-QQ (Non-derivatized)	splash10-0udi-3319000000-1d3d28a67f82366fff22	Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)	splash10-00xr-9450000000-6d4550940f4dde6f18ff	Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized)	splash10-004i-1910000000-5cc19cad5dc24b3b9b11	Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized)	splash10-014i-1790000000-de22041357aadf60a06b	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive	splash10-052r-4900000000-9be1412408207db5df4e	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (2 TMS) - 70eV, Positive	splash10-05fr-9750000000-937b6ee7a745865ee7ee	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_1) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_2) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_3) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_2) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_3) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 10V, Positive (Annotated)	splash10-01p9-0900000000-580de2c16cd24559cd5c	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 25V, Positive (Annotated)	splash10-0006-9400000000-f233fbc6c58236ee4aeb	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 40V, Positive (Annotated)	splash10-002f-9100000000-8b5e12eba034bcfdf8a1	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive	splash10-001i-0920000000-b43356ad3da227b488cb	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive	splash10-014i-0900000000-c04f0be6515621dda5ac	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive	splash10-000i-0900000000-3ed8b68bfade9194763b	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive	splash10-0udi-0900000000-fe6a1ce69851a8c5db00	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive	splash10-001i-0900000000-aafdcea07be221817fd4	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive	splash10-0002-0900000000-66a5b9a0a48bdc0a2b47	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive	splash10-014i-0900000000-13eb4252ca23455a58da	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive	splash10-014i-0900000000-fb85798746829bac3f3d	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negative	splash10-03e9-0839226000-5504e667281c746669ec	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negative	splash10-03di-0900000000-f65cb3ad2fa730c922f7	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negative	splash10-001i-0900000000-a9276fe43ef61b4693e6	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negative	splash10-0a59-0039210000-21b4bd9870bf4965a6d1	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negative	splash10-001i-0848491200-aae99eb0b66dd1c7036d	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negative	splash10-03di-0900000000-4104a2ca5d5ef5f22f6d	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negative	splash10-001i-0900000000-f309996d57a95c719deb	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negative	splash10-03di-0013090000-112cd9c2eea42dbc079b	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 10V, Negative	splash10-001i-0900000000-c7f95918d936586f633d	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 20V, Negative	splash10-03yi-1900000000-d1682546c1e0893c71e4	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 30V, Negative	splash10-014i-2900000000-a0cc78ed35e56dd812a5	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 40V, Negative	splash10-00kf-9500000000-d3f399f5dd10e338e25a	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 50V, Negative	splash10-0006-9200000000-8acd8d370f194bfe28ed	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 10V, Positive	splash10-001i-0900000000-6b26ce2f5b326ace12a4	Spectrum
MS	Mass Spectrum (Electron Ionization)	splash10-0a4i-3900000000-7a26097fda66f2f445b5	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
2D NMR	[1H,1H] 2D NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
2D NMR	[1H,13C] 2D NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum

Biological Properties

Cellular Locations

Not Available

Biofluid Locations and Tissue Locations

Brain
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
Colostrum
Embryo culture media
Feces
Follicular Fluid
Jejunum
Kidney
Kidney perfusate
Liver
Lung
Meat
Milk
Plasma
Ruminal Fluid
Serum
Urine

Concentrations

Biofluid	Status	Value	Condition	Species	Reference	Details
Brain	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Ovine	25959287	details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Ovine	17510975	details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Ovine	17510975	details
Colostrum	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	25637742	details
Colostrum	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	22417363	details
Embryo culture media	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	20058302	details
Embryo culture media	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	20058302	details
Feces	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Equine	E. E. Escalona, J...	details
Follicular Fluid	Detected and Quantified	8 +/- 0-1+/-0 uM	Not Available	Porcine	183842	details
Jejunum	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Porcine	21584308	details
Kidney	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Porcine	21761043	details
Kidney perfusate	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Porcine	25502759	details
Liver	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Porcine	21761043	details
Lung	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Porcine	23412987	details
Meat	Detected and Quantified	251.11 +/- 17.54 uM	Not Available	Bovine	20831251	details
Meat	Detected and Quantified	48.4 +/- 4.1 uM	Not Available	Bovine	20831251	details
Meat	Detected and Quantified	81.35 +/- 11.06 uM	Not Available	Bovine	20831251	details
Meat	Detected and Quantified	97.9 +/- 13.13 uM	Not Available	Bovine	20831251	details
Meat	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	25637742	details
Meat	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Porcine	24200563	details
Meat	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	22417363	details
Milk	Detected and Quantified	2-11 uM	Not Available	Bovine	20338431	details
Milk	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	Kurt J. Boudonck,...	details
Milk	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	Kurt J. Boudonck,...	details
Plasma	Detected and Quantified	118 +/- 13-129+/-11 uM	Not Available	Porcine	22513987	details
Plasma	Detected and Quantified	80 +/- 13-126+/-16 uM	Not Available	Porcine	22513987	details
Plasma	Detected and Quantified	88 +/- 6-117+/-10 uM	Not Available	Porcine	22513987	details
Plasma	Detected and Quantified	34.9 uM	Not Available	Bovine	17197001	details
Plasma	Detected and Quantified	43.4 uM	Not Available	Bovine	17197001	details
Plasma	Detected and Quantified	47.9 uM	Not Available	Bovine	17197001	details
Plasma	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	22370585	details
Plasma	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	24440255	details
Plasma	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	24630653	details
Plasma	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Porcine	21859467	details
Plasma	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Ovine	22242129	details
Plasma	Detected and Quantified	60.6-119.7 uM	Not Available	Ovine	17900638	details
Plasma	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Porcine	20231903	details
Plasma	Detected and Quantified	92.4 +/- 25.6 uM	Not Available	Ovine	17900638	details
Plasma	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	Trabi M, Keller M...	details
Plasma	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Equine	E. E. Escalona, J...	details
Plasma	Detected and Quantified	175.68 uM	Not Available	Porcine	25820777	details
Plasma	Detected and Quantified	177.16 uM	Not Available	Porcine	25820777	details
Plasma	Detected and Quantified	197.85 uM	Not Available	Porcine	25820777	details
Plasma	Detected and Quantified	208.77 uM	Not Available	Porcine	25820777	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	41.3 uM	Not Available	Bovine	Burim NA, Qendrim...	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	46.5 uM	Not Available	Bovine	Burim NA, Qendrim...	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	50.6 uM	Not Available	Bovine	Burim NA, Qendrim...	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	52.2 uM	Not Available	Bovine	Burim NA, Qendrim...	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	35 +/- 13 uM	Not Available	Bovine	Saleem F, Bouatra...	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	44 +/- 4 uM	Not Available	Bovine	Saleem F, Bouatra...	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	49 +/- 12 uM	Not Available	Bovine	Saleem F, Bouatra...	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	49 +/- 12 uM	Not Available	Bovine	Saleem F, Bouatra...	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	50 +/- 24 uM	Not Available	Bovine	Saleem F, Bouatra...	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	61 +/- 21 uM	Not Available	Bovine	Saleem F, Bouatra...	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	159 +/- 30 uM	Not Available	Bovine	22706048	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	162 +/- 33 uM	Not Available	Bovine	22706048	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	82.0 +/- 14 uM	Not Available	Bovine	22706048	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	438 +/- 33 uM	Not Available	Caprine	22706048	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	36 uM	Not Available	Bovine	22959937	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	42.2 uM	Not Available	Bovine	22959937	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	49.1 uM	Not Available	Bovine	22959937	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	60.9 uM	Not Available	Bovine	22959937	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	70.8209 +/- 18.7847 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	59.2319 +/- 24.1134 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	57.0895 +/- 12.8125 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	65.9656 +/- 28.1605 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	71.8672 +/- 17.0585 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	98.2 uM	Not Available	Porcine	Barbara U. Metzle...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	136.5 uM	Not Available	Porcine	Barbara U. Metzle...	details
Serum	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Porcine	21942754	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	154.2 uM	Not Available	Porcine	Barbara U. Metzle...	details
Serum	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Porcine	18989615	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	174.8 uM	Not Available	Porcine	Barbara U. Metzle...	details
Serum	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Porcine	23255817	details
Serum	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Porcine	26020888	details
Serum	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Porcine	22761248	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	69.746 +/- 24.4856 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Porcine	21584308	details
Serum	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	25372282	details
Serum	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	25372282	details
Serum	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	25372282	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	65.58 +/- 22.26 uM	Not Available	Ovine	Candidate serum m...	details
Serum	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	25372282	details
Serum	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Porcine	21761043	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	53.6003 +/- 26.6373 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	60.8665 +/- 23.8886 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Porcine	21429726	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	74.8852 +/- 24.1363 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	59.4551 +/- 14.2528 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	99.178 uM	Not Available	Porcine	26020888	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	71.804 uM	Not Available	Porcine	26020888	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	93.107 uM	Not Available	Porcine	26020888	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	110.603 uM	Not Available	Porcine	26020888	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	138.143 uM	Not Available	Porcine	26020888	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	70.3899 +/- 26.4601 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	65.577 +/- 24.6236 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	76.1345 +/- 21.2023 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	81 +/- 1 uM	Not Available	Porcine	183842	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	63.4468 +/- 25.4604 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Equine	Lucia Pappalardo,...	details
Serum	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Porcine	Pengcheng Zhou, J...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	54.9096 +/- 15.7432 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	72.0425 +/- 23.8957 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	58.7929 +/- 16.4645 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	59.5893 +/- 10.8682 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	55.9774 +/- 15.4221 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	67.6704 +/- 22.8975 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Urine	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	22059599	details
Urine	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	25599412	details