Livestock Metabolome Database: Showing metabocard for L-Phenylalanine (LMDB00069)

Identification Taxonomy Ontology Physical properties Spectra Biological properties Concentrations Links References XML

Record Information

Version

1.0

Creation Date

2016-07-13 19:41:41 UTC

Update Date

2021-04-30 20:57:58 UTC

Lmdb

LMDB00069

Secondary Accession Numbers

None

Metabolite Identification

Common Name

L-Phenylalanine

Description

Phenylalanine is an essential amino acid and the precursor for the amino acid tyrosine. Like tyrosine, it is the precursor of catecholamines in the body (tyramine, dopamine, epinephrine and norepinephrine). The psychotropic drugs (mescaline, morphine, codeine, and papaverine) also have phenylalanine as a constituent. Phenylalanine is a precursor of the neurotransmitters called catecholamines, which are adrenalin-like substances. Phenylalanine is highly concentrated in the animal brain and plasma. Normal metabolism of phenylalanine requires biopterin, iron, niacin, vitamin B6, copper and vitamin C. An average adult ingests 5 g of phenylalanine per day and may optimally need up to 8 g daily. Phenylalanine is highly concentrated in high protein foods, such as meat, cottage cheese and wheat germ. A new dietary source of phenylalanine is artificial sweeteners containing aspartame. Aspartame appears to be nutritious except in hot beverages; however, it should be avoided by phenylketonurics and pregnant women. Phenylketonurics, who have a genetic error of phenylalanine metabolism, have elevated serum plasma levels of phenylalanine up to 400 times normal. Mild phenylketonuria can be an unsuspected cause of hyperactivity, learning problems, and other developmental problems in children. Phenylalanine can be an effective pain reliever. Its use in premenstrual syndrome and Parkinson's may enhance the effects of acupuncture and electric transcutaneous nerve stimulation (TENS). Phenylalanine and tyrosine, like L-dopa, produce a catecholamine effect. Phenylalanine is better absorbed than tyrosine and may cause fewer headaches. Low phenylalanine diets have been prescribed for certain cancers with mixed results. Some tumors use more phenylalanine (particularly melatonin-producing tumors called melanoma). One strategy is to exclude this amino acid from the diet, i.e., a Phenylketonuria (PKU) diet (compliance is a difficult issue; it is hard to quantify and is under-researched). The other strategy is just to increase phenylalanine's competing amino acids, i.e., tryptophan, valine, isoleucine and leucine, but not tyrosine. (http://www.dcnutrition.com).

Structure

MOL SDF PDB SMILES InChI

Synonyms

Value	Source
(S)-2-Amino-3-phenylpropionic acid	ChEBI
(S)-alpha-Amino-beta-phenylpropionic acid	ChEBI
3-Phenyl-L-alanine	ChEBI
beta-Phenyl-L-alanine	ChEBI
F	ChEBI
Phe	ChEBI
PHENYLALANINE	ChEBI
(S)-2-Amino-3-phenylpropionate	Generator
(S)-a-Amino-b-phenylpropionate	Generator
(S)-a-Amino-b-phenylpropionic acid	Generator
(S)-alpha-Amino-beta-phenylpropionate	Generator
(S)-Α-amino-β-phenylpropionate	Generator
(S)-Α-amino-β-phenylpropionic acid	Generator
b-Phenyl-L-alanine	Generator
Β-phenyl-L-alanine	Generator
(-)-beta-Phenylalanine	HMDB
(L)-Phenylalanine	HMDB
(S)-(-)-Phenylalanine	HMDB
(S)-2-Amino-3-phenylpropanoate	HMDB
(S)-2-Amino-3-phenylpropanoic acid	HMDB
(S)-alpha-Amino-benzenepropanoate	HMDB
(S)-alpha-Amino-benzenepropanoic acid	HMDB
(S)-alpha-Aminobenzenepropanoate	HMDB
(S)-alpha-Aminobenzenepropanoic acid	HMDB
(S)-alpha-Aminohydrocinnamate	HMDB
(S)-alpha-Aminohydrocinnamic acid	HMDB
(S)-Phenylalanine	HMDB
alpha-Aminohydrocinnamate	HMDB
alpha-Aminohydrocinnamic acid	HMDB
beta-Phenyl-alpha-alanine	HMDB
beta-Phenylalanine	HMDB
L-2-Amino-3-phenylpropionate	HMDB
L-2-Amino-3-phenylpropionic acid	HMDB
Phenyl-alanine	HMDB
Phenylalamine	HMDB
L-Isomer phenylalanine	HMDB
Phenylalanine, L isomer	HMDB
Phenylalanine, L-isomer	HMDB
Endorphenyl	HMDB
(6S)-Tetrahydrofolate	HMDB
(6S)-Tetrahydrofolic acid	HMDB
(6S)-THFA	HMDB
5,6,7,8-Tetrahydrofolate	HMDB
Tetrahydrofolate	HMDB
THF	HMDB
5,6,7,8-Tetrahydrofolic acid	HMDB

Chemical Formula

C₉H₁₁NO₂

Average Molecular Weight

165.1891

Monoisotopic Molecular Weight

165.078978601

IUPAC Name

(2S)-2-amino-3-phenylpropanoic acid

Traditional Name

L-phenylalanine

CAS Registry Number

63-91-2

SMILES

N[C@@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)C(O)=O

InChI Identifier

InChI=1S/C9H11NO2/c10-8(9(11)12)6-7-4-2-1-3-5-7/h1-5,8H,6,10H2,(H,11,12)/t8-/m0/s1

InChI Key

COLNVLDHVKWLRT-QMMMGPOBSA-N

Chemical Taxonomy

Description

belongs to the class of organic compounds known as phenylalanine and derivatives. Phenylalanine and derivatives are compounds containing phenylalanine or a derivative thereof resulting from reaction of phenylalanine at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of glycine by a heteroatom.

Kingdom

Organic compounds

Super Class

Organic acids and derivatives

Class

Carboxylic acids and derivatives

Sub Class

Amino acids, peptides, and analogues

Direct Parent

Phenylalanine and derivatives

Alternative Parents

Substituents

Phenylalanine or derivatives
3-phenylpropanoic-acid
Alpha-amino acid
Amphetamine or derivatives
L-alpha-amino acid
Aralkylamine
Monocyclic benzene moiety
Benzenoid
Amino acid
Carboxylic acid
Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
Organic nitrogen compound
Primary amine
Organooxygen compound
Organonitrogen compound
Hydrocarbon derivative
Primary aliphatic amine
Organic oxide
Carbonyl group
Organopnictogen compound
Organic oxygen compound
Amine
Aromatic homomonocyclic compound

Molecular Framework

Aromatic homomonocyclic compounds

External Descriptors

proteinogenic amino acid (CHEBI:17295 )
L-alpha-amino acid (CHEBI:17295 )
phenylalanine (CHEBI:17295 )
erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid (CHEBI:17295 )
Common amino acids (C00079 )

Ontology

Status

Detected and Quantified

Origin

Not Available

Biofunction

Not Available

Application

Not Available

Cellular locations

Not Available

Physical Properties

State

Not Available

Experimental Properties

Property	Value	Reference
Melting Point	Not Available	Not Available
Boiling Point	Not Available	Not Available
Water Solubility	Not Available	Not Available
LogP	Not Available	Not Available

Predicted Properties

Property	Value	Source
logP	-1.4	ALOGPS
logP	-1.2	ChemAxon
logS	-1.6	ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)	2.47	ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)	9.45	ChemAxon
Physiological Charge	0	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count	3	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count	2	ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area	63.32 Å²	ChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count	3	ChemAxon
Refractivity	45.12 m³·mol⁻¹	ChemAxon
Polarizability	17.03 Å³	ChemAxon
Number of Rings	1	ChemAxon
Bioavailability	Yes	ChemAxon
Rule of Five	Yes	ChemAxon
Ghose Filter	Yes	ChemAxon
Veber's Rule	Yes	ChemAxon
MDDR-like Rule	Yes	ChemAxon

Spectra

Spectrum Type	Description	Splash Key	View
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (2 TMS)	splash10-0fr6-1930000000-a37fbccaf826443ef70c	Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (Non-derivatized)	splash10-014l-1940000000-537e2725d621246630c1	Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (2 TMS)	splash10-00di-9630000000-ead0919f9a19d2352d80	Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (1 TMS)	splash10-00di-2900000000-cb2d6dc4bf9515150328	Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (2 TMS)	splash10-014l-2960000000-f77489792f0652dd5613	Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - EI-B (Non-derivatized)	splash10-014l-0970000000-792b341dd28b9e30bac2	Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)	splash10-0fr6-1930000000-a37fbccaf826443ef70c	Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)	splash10-014l-1940000000-537e2725d621246630c1	Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-QQ (Non-derivatized)	splash10-0ul9-3659000000-b85be4e71798e2fdc47b	Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)	splash10-00di-9630000000-ead0919f9a19d2352d80	Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized)	splash10-00di-2900000000-cb2d6dc4bf9515150328	Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized)	splash10-014l-2960000000-f77489792f0652dd5613	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive	splash10-006x-9600000000-df38fcb743d8f44fb876	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (1 TMS) - 70eV, Positive	splash10-00di-7900000000-f21569d2ec75b88e1bda	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_2) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TBDMS_1_1) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TBDMS_1_2) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 10V, Positive (Annotated)	splash10-014i-0900000000-0f3b994108b8a9fd2a56	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 25V, Positive (Annotated)	splash10-0gb9-2900000000-c14d44c8a67621757f3d	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 40V, Positive (Annotated)	splash10-004i-9300000000-08c642dab7f49c00da43	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive	splash10-014i-0900000000-7dce1e473976f7d2143e	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive	splash10-0f6x-9600000000-711557391093b0d8500a	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive	splash10-00di-0900000000-0c25a5c116eac7bb059b	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive	splash10-00di-0900000000-2804f79084ac4e67e155	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive	splash10-014i-0900000000-8a71bb1f8424064d7caf	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive	splash10-0f6x-9800000000-e027ff6bb67ce55e80a5	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive	splash10-014i-0900000000-9f6185e9c7d54189f369	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive	splash10-00di-0900000000-df5f72fe2bba91742427	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negative	splash10-0ir3-0988735721-bac229222fe7b52812a8	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negative	splash10-0002-0900000000-453477dec847a3672ffe	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negative	splash10-0a4i-0010963000-079a66bf710f6778bceb	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negative	splash10-00di-0000009000-62dbe98de4ecde484fb3	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 10V, Negative	splash10-03di-0900000000-80558c17dc1845663c85	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 20V, Negative	splash10-0002-3900000000-e1ee31d41e48824e84b7	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 30V, Negative	splash10-0f6x-9500000000-cc11290a37615f24e16e	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 50V, Negative	splash10-0006-9000000000-1a6020bce0e1a9a14832	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 40V, Negative	splash10-0006-9000000000-38c044a112152626962e	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 10V, Positive	splash10-014i-0900000000-9b908abfcb63153d60b3	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 20V, Positive	splash10-00di-1900000000-3ba5964e151bb1d56188	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 30V, Positive	splash10-00di-2900000000-20a7d24da0281f5b3b78	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 40V, Positive	splash10-0udi-5900000000-1800642a835b49f3398a	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 50V, Positive	splash10-0fb9-9300000000-f262384c85fb843f8a11	Spectrum
MS	Mass Spectrum (Electron Ionization)	splash10-00dl-9300000000-4782928378caea601f9b	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
2D NMR	[1H,1H] 2D NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
2D NMR	[1H,13C] 2D NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum

Biological Properties

Cellular Locations

Not Available

Biofluid Locations and Tissue Locations

Brain
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
Colostrum
Embryo culture media
Feces
Follicular Fluid
Jejunum
Kidney
Liver
Lung
Meat
Milk
Plasma
Ruminal Fluid
Serum
Urine

Concentrations

Biofluid	Status	Value	Condition	Species	Reference	Details
Brain	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Ovine	25959287	details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Ovine	17510975	details
Colostrum	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	25637742	details
Colostrum	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	22361340	details
Colostrum	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	22417363	details
Colostrum	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	S. F. Graham, T. ...	details
Embryo culture media	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	20058302	details
Embryo culture media	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	20058302	details
Feces	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Ovine	17249687	details
Follicular Fluid	Detected and Quantified	91 +/- 0-130+/-10 uM	Not Available	Porcine	183842	details
Jejunum	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Porcine	21584308	details
Kidney	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Porcine	21761043	details
Liver	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Porcine	21761043	details
Lung	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Porcine	23412987	details
Meat	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	25637742	details
Meat	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Porcine	24200563	details
Meat	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	22361340	details
Meat	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	22417363	details
Meat	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	S. F. Graham, T. ...	details
Meat	Detected and Quantified	105.7 +/- 18.05 uM	Not Available	Bovine	20831251	details
Meat	Detected and Quantified	242.58 +/- 15.65 uM	Not Available	Bovine	20831251	details
Meat	Detected and Quantified	54.02 +/- 3.36 uM	Not Available	Bovine	20831251	details
Meat	Detected and Quantified	80.81 +/- 10.96 uM	Not Available	Bovine	20831251	details
Milk	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	23438684	details
Milk	Detected and Quantified	2-10 uM	Not Available	Bovine	20338431	details
Milk	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	Kurt J. Boudonck,...	details
Plasma	Detected and Quantified	66 +/- 3-115+/-17 uM	Not Available	Porcine	22513987	details
Plasma	Detected and Quantified	71 +/- 12-111+/-10 uM	Not Available	Porcine	22513987	details
Plasma	Detected and Quantified	97 +/- 1-100+/-1 uM	Not Available	Porcine	22513987	details
Plasma	Detected and Quantified	47.3 uM	Not Available	Bovine	17197001	details
Plasma	Detected and Quantified	51.7 uM	Not Available	Bovine	17197001	details
Plasma	Detected and Quantified	54.3 uM	Not Available	Bovine	17197001	details
Plasma	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Equine	E. E. Escalona, J...	details
Plasma	Detected and Quantified	44.8-87.1 uM	Not Available	Ovine	17900638	details
Plasma	Detected and Quantified	72.2 +/- 18.3 uM	Not Available	Ovine	17900638	details
Plasma	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Porcine	24477039	details
Plasma	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	22370585	details
Plasma	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	22370585	details
Plasma	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	24440255	details
Plasma	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	24630653	details
Plasma	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Porcine	21859467	details
Plasma	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Ovine	17249687	details
Plasma	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Ovine	22242129	details
Plasma	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Porcine	20231903	details
Plasma	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	Trabi M, Keller M...	details
Plasma	Detected and Quantified	39.08 +/- 3.17-54.62+/-3.17 uM	Not Available	Porcine	22492530	details
Plasma	Detected and Quantified	48.73 +/- 3.24-38.06+/-3.24 uM	Not Available	Porcine	22492530	details
Plasma	Detected and Quantified	92.43 uM	Not Available	Porcine	25820777	details
Plasma	Detected and Quantified	100.42 uM	Not Available	Porcine	25820777	details
Plasma	Detected and Quantified	117.06 uM	Not Available	Porcine	25820777	details
Plasma	Detected and Quantified	131.29 uM	Not Available	Porcine	25820777	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	34 +/- 17 uM	Not Available	Bovine	Saleem F, Bouatra...	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	34 +/- 17 uM	Not Available	Bovine	Saleem F, Bouatra...	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	36 +/- 13 uM	Not Available	Bovine	Saleem F, Bouatra...	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	64 +/- 17 uM	Not Available	Bovine	Saleem F, Bouatra...	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	65 +/- 20 uM	Not Available	Bovine	Saleem F, Bouatra...	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	25599412	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	28.9 uM	Not Available	Bovine	22959937	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	35.7 uM	Not Available	Bovine	22959937	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	64.5 uM	Not Available	Bovine	22959937	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	77.7 uM	Not Available	Bovine	22959937	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	Fozia Saleem, Sou...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	37.0534 +/- 7.2186 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	41.7285 +/- 9.5056 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	92.4 uM	Not Available	Porcine	Barbara U. Metzle...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	123.7 uM	Not Available	Porcine	Barbara U. Metzle...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	126.4 uM	Not Available	Porcine	Barbara U. Metzle...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	146.2 uM	Not Available	Porcine	Barbara U. Metzle...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	35.4157 +/- 6.7103 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	41.5133 +/- 9.7964 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	44.58 +/- 16.91 uM	Not Available	Ovine	Candidate serum m...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	34.6369 +/- 8.5539 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	42.2956 +/- 10.3902 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	36.4917 +/- 5.8825 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	43.2552 +/- 11.323 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	151.947 uM	Not Available	Porcine	26020888	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	111.872 uM	Not Available	Porcine	26020888	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	129.912 uM	Not Available	Porcine	26020888	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	118.834 uM	Not Available	Porcine	26020888	details
Serum	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Porcine	21942754	details
Serum	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Porcine	18989615	details
Serum	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Porcine	23255817	details
Serum	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Porcine	26020888	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	38.0941 +/- 10.332 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Porcine	21584308	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	38.2567 +/- 8.0153 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	25372282	details
Serum	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	25372282	details
Serum	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	25372282	details
Serum	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	25372282	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	42.4692 +/- 9.0829 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Porcine	21429726	details
Serum	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Caprine	24214495	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	85 +/- 3 uM	Not Available	Porcine	183842	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	39.7903 +/- 9.9421 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	41.5935 +/- 11.1214 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	35.1977 +/- 10.6452 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	36.5996 +/- 7.017 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Porcine	Cao, Hongcio; Ma,...	details
Serum	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Porcine	Pengcheng Zhou, J...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	38.5358 +/- 7.3847 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	39.8354 +/- 10.6782 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	37.7999 +/- 5.8849 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	40.4374 +/- 13.2968 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	39.735 +/- 10.7379 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Urine	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	22436164	details
Urine	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Porcine	21761043	details
Urine	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Porcine	24696864	details