Livestock Metabolome Database: Showing metabocard for L-Lysine (LMDB00081)

Identification Taxonomy Ontology Physical properties Spectra Biological properties Concentrations Links References XML

Record Information

Version

1.0

Creation Date

2016-07-13 19:41:57 UTC

Update Date

2021-04-30 20:57:58 UTC

Lmdb

LMDB00081

Secondary Accession Numbers

None

Metabolite Identification

Common Name

L-Lysine

Description

L-lysine is an essential amino acid. Normal requirements for lysine have been found to be about 8 g per day or 12 mg/kg in adults. Children and infants need more- 44 mg/kg per day for an eleven to-twelve-year old, and 97 mg/kg per day for three-to six-month old. Lysine is highly concentrated in muscle compared to most other amino acids. Lysine is high in foods such as wheat germ, cottage cheese and chicken. Of meat products, wild game and pork have the highest concentration of lysine. Fruits and vegetables contain little lysine, except avocados. Normal lysine metabolism is dependent upon many nutrients including niacin, vitamin B6, riboflavin, vitamin C, glutamic acid and iron. Excess arginine antagonizes lysine. Several inborn errors of lysine metabolism are known. Most are marked by mental retardation with occasional diverse symptoms such as absence of secondary sex characteristics, undescended testes, abnormal facial structure, anemia, obesity, enlarged liver and spleen, and eye muscle imbalance. Lysine also may be a useful adjunct in the treatment of osteoporosis. Although high protein diets result in loss of large amounts of calcium in urine, so does lysine deficiency. Lysine may be an adjunct therapy because it reduces calcium losses in urine. Lysine deficiency also may result in immunodeficiency. Requirements for this amino acid are probably increased by stress. Lysine toxicity has not occurred with oral doses in animals. Lysine dosages are presently too small and may fail to reach the concentrations necessary to prove potential therapeutic applications. Lysine metabolites, amino caproic acid and carnitine have already shown their therapeutic potential. Thirty grams daily of amino caproic acid has been used as an initial daily dose in treating blood clotting disorders, indicating that the proper doses of lysine, its precursor, have yet to be used in medicine. Low lysine levels have been found in patients with Parkinson's, hypothyroidism, kidney disease, asthma and depression. The exact significance of these levels is unclear, yet lysine therapy can normalize the level and has been associated with improvement of some patients with these conditions. Abnormally elevated hydroxylysines have been found in virtually all chronic degenerative diseases and coumadin therapy. The levels of this stress marker may be improved by high doses of vitamin C. Lysine is particularly useful in therapy for marasmus (wasting) and herpes simplex. It stops the growth of herpes simplex in culture, and has helped to reduce the number and occurrence of cold sores in clinical studies. Dosing has not been adequately studied, but beneficial clinical effects occur in doses ranging from 100 mg to 4 g a day. Higher doses may also be useful, and toxicity has not been reported in doses as high as 8 g per day. Diets high in lysine and low in arginine can be useful in the prevention and treatment of herpes. Some researchers think herpes simplex virus is involved in many other diseases related to cranial nerves such as migraines, Bell's palsy and Meniere's disease. Herpes blister fluid will produce fatal encephalitis in the rabbit. (http://www.dcnutrition.com).

Structure

MOL SDF PDB SMILES InChI

Synonyms

Value	Source
(S)-2,6-Diaminohexanoic acid	ChEBI
(S)-alpha,epsilon-Diaminocaproic acid	ChEBI
(S)-Lysine	ChEBI
6-Ammonio-L-norleucine	ChEBI
K	ChEBI
L-2,6-Diaminocaproic acid	ChEBI
L-Lysin	ChEBI
Lys	ChEBI
Lysina	ChEBI
Lysine	ChEBI
Lysine acid	ChEBI
Lysinum	ChEBI
2,6-Diaminohexanoic acid	Kegg
(S)-2,6-Diaminohexanoate	Generator
(S)-a,epsilon-Diaminocaproate	Generator
(S)-a,epsilon-Diaminocaproic acid	Generator
(S)-alpha,epsilon-Diaminocaproate	Generator
(S)-Α,epsilon-diaminocaproate	Generator
(S)-Α,epsilon-diaminocaproic acid	Generator
L-2,6-Diaminocaproate	Generator
2,6-Diaminohexanoate	Generator
(+)-S-Lysine	HMDB
(S)-2,6-Diamino-hexanoate	HMDB
(S)-2,6-Diamino-hexanoic acid	HMDB
(S)-a,e-Diaminocaproate	HMDB
(S)-a,e-Diaminocaproic acid	HMDB
6-Amino-aminutrin	HMDB
6-Amino-L-norleucine	HMDB
a-Lysine	HMDB
alpha-Lysine	HMDB
Aminutrin	HMDB
H-Lys-OH	HMDB
L-(+)-Lysine	HMDB
L-2,6-Diainohexanoate	HMDB
L-2,6-Diainohexanoic acid	HMDB
L-Lys	HMDB
Acetate, lysine	HMDB
Enisyl	HMDB
Lysine hydrochloride	HMDB
L Lysine	HMDB
Lysine acetate	HMDB

Chemical Formula

C₆H₁₄N₂O₂

Average Molecular Weight

146.1876

Monoisotopic Molecular Weight

146.105527702

IUPAC Name

(2S)-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid

Traditional Name

L-lysine

CAS Registry Number

56-87-1

SMILES

NCCCC[C@H](N)C(O)=O

InChI Identifier

InChI=1S/C6H14N2O2/c7-4-2-1-3-5(8)6(9)10/h5H,1-4,7-8H2,(H,9,10)/t5-/m0/s1

InChI Key

KDXKERNSBIXSRK-YFKPBYRVSA-N

Chemical Taxonomy

Description

belongs to the class of organic compounds known as l-alpha-amino acids. These are alpha amino acids which have the L-configuration of the alpha-carbon atom.

Kingdom

Organic compounds

Super Class

Organic acids and derivatives

Class

Carboxylic acids and derivatives

Sub Class

Amino acids, peptides, and analogues

Direct Parent

L-alpha-amino acids

Alternative Parents

Substituents

L-alpha-amino acid
Medium-chain fatty acid
Amino fatty acid
Fatty acid
Fatty acyl
Amino acid
Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
Carboxylic acid
Organic oxide
Organopnictogen compound
Organic oxygen compound
Primary amine
Organooxygen compound
Organonitrogen compound
Primary aliphatic amine
Carbonyl group
Organic nitrogen compound
Amine
Hydrocarbon derivative
Aliphatic acyclic compound

Molecular Framework

Aliphatic acyclic compounds

External Descriptors

lysine (CHEBI:18019 )
aspartate family amino acid (CHEBI:18019 )
proteinogenic amino acid (CHEBI:18019 )
L-alpha-amino acid (CHEBI:18019 )
Common amino acids (C00047 )

Ontology

Status

Detected and Quantified

Origin

Not Available

Biofunction

Not Available

Application

Not Available

Cellular locations

Not Available

Physical Properties

State

Not Available

Experimental Properties

Property	Value	Reference
Melting Point	Not Available	Not Available
Boiling Point	Not Available	Not Available
Water Solubility	Not Available	Not Available
LogP	Not Available	Not Available

Predicted Properties

Property	Value	Source
logP	-3.8	ALOGPS
logP	-3.2	ChemAxon
logS	-0.14	ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)	2.74	ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)	10.29	ChemAxon
Physiological Charge	1	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count	4	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count	3	ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area	89.34 Å²	ChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count	5	ChemAxon
Refractivity	37.81 m³·mol⁻¹	ChemAxon
Polarizability	15.84 Å³	ChemAxon
Number of Rings	0	ChemAxon
Bioavailability	Yes	ChemAxon
Rule of Five	Yes	ChemAxon
Ghose Filter	Yes	ChemAxon
Veber's Rule	Yes	ChemAxon
MDDR-like Rule	Yes	ChemAxon

Spectra

Spectrum Type	Description	Splash Key	View
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (3 TMS)	splash10-00di-3910000000-98c565675de67aa87900	Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (Non-derivatized)	splash10-0ab9-1910000000-87ef8534f592041f50f2	Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (4 TMS)	splash10-0a4i-1921000000-84f7815b0f650fa17444	Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (3 TMS)	splash10-001i-9600000000-823408dba509cb204acf	Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (3 TMS)	splash10-00di-3910000000-4f5578af5e7d8b6c49f7	Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (4 TMS)	splash10-0adi-1921000000-4e56d95e623e792f9e6b	Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - EI-B (Non-derivatized)	splash10-00di-0921000000-eeb49e57bc1a75193058	Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - EI-B (Non-derivatized)	splash10-0ab9-0921000000-ebb902be0f3754225b2f	Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)	splash10-00di-3910000000-98c565675de67aa87900	Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)	splash10-0ab9-1910000000-87ef8534f592041f50f2	Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-QQ (Non-derivatized)	splash10-0fdk-3923000000-15b84c2649c1b0455de1	Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)	splash10-0a4i-1921000000-84f7815b0f650fa17444	Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized)	splash10-001i-9600000000-823408dba509cb204acf	Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized)	splash10-00di-3910000000-4f5578af5e7d8b6c49f7	Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized)	splash10-0adi-1921000000-4e56d95e623e792f9e6b	Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)	splash10-0abi-1900000000-9ad174122e4d6e003eb8	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive	splash10-0089-9100000000-974cc55c9130ed5213eb	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (1 TMS) - 70eV, Positive	splash10-0ue9-9700000000-57b24ae819b6ec26bfd2	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_2) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_3) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TBDMS_1_1) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TBDMS_1_2) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TBDMS_1_3) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 10V, Positive (Annotated)	splash10-003r-8900000000-470a0beb4f338ed89bca	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 25V, Positive (Annotated)	splash10-001i-9000000000-74e9193d9d33c2509bfa	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 40V, Positive (Annotated)	splash10-0a59-9000000000-822c4e78250fffa56e39	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive	splash10-0002-0900000000-04f9a62a77fb5a37ca22	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive	splash10-001i-9000000000-035035ecfa084671479b	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive	splash10-001i-0900000000-5bb15839f86f4fca0d0b	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive	splash10-001i-0900000000-6c8ef03aa83eb1cab35b	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive	splash10-01ot-0910000000-c182a7dcdbc260666978	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive	splash10-0a4j-0900000000-6c5f378cef2f14204e15	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive	splash10-001i-0900000000-41e1a6499097748934b0	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive	splash10-03di-0390000000-7270a0b85b9e3f9f6373	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 10V, Negative	splash10-0002-0900000000-a997e809874357908880	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 20V, Negative	splash10-0002-2900000000-f64110414f82c93e1fe8	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 30V, Negative	splash10-014m-9200000000-33a38e6370811c5ddc82	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 40V, Negative	splash10-0006-9000000000-3a8b0b6e62f5c66d3720	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 50V, Negative	splash10-0006-9000000000-d5167570d11d77fd541e	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 10V, Positive	splash10-0002-0900000000-a46231bd529176101129	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 20V, Positive	splash10-001i-9200000000-f8b9f01b2a9886c51df9	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 30V, Positive	splash10-001i-9000000000-ace0361476d939043e98	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 40V, Positive	splash10-001i-9000000000-5b06b6e9dcf9faf8e89c	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 50V, Positive	splash10-053r-9000000000-2894ef6d7f72ea71688e	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - CE-ESI-TOF (CE-system connected to 6210 Time-of-Flight MS, Agilent) , Positive	splash10-0002-0900000000-290902f43cf851e8ef5e	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF (UPLC Q-Tof Premier, Waters) , Positive	splash10-001i-9300000000-f81193f6b50235ec8147	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF (UPLC Q-Tof Premier, Waters) , Positive	splash10-001i-9300000000-8931d2193adab166d5e4	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF (UPLC Q-Tof Premier, Waters) , Negative	splash10-0002-0900000000-b4825cc64fcb830c6967	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
2D NMR	[1H,1H] 2D NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
2D NMR	[1H,13C] 2D NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum

Biological Properties

Cellular Locations

Not Available

Biofluid Locations and Tissue Locations

Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
Colostrum
Embryo culture media
Feces
Follicular Fluid
Jejunum
Kidney
Liver
Lung
Meat
Milk
Plasma
Ruminal Fluid
Serum
Urine
Vitreous Humour

Concentrations

Biofluid	Status	Value	Condition	Species	Reference	Details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Ovine	17510975	details
Colostrum	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	22361340	details
Embryo culture media	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	20058302	details
Embryo culture media	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	20058302	details
Feces	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Ovine	17249687	details
Follicular Fluid	Detected and Quantified	220 +/- 10-260+/-0 uM	Not Available	Porcine	183842	details
Follicular Fluid	Detected and Quantified	220 +/- 20-370+/-20 uM	Not Available	Porcine	183842	details
Jejunum	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Porcine	21584308	details
Kidney	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Porcine	21761043	details
Liver	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Porcine	21761043	details
Lung	Detected and Quantified	0.2+/-0.01 umol/g	Not Available	Porcine	23412987	details
Meat	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	22361340	details
Milk	Detected and Quantified	7-102 uM	Not Available	Bovine	20338431	details
Milk	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	Kurt J. Boudonck,...	details
Plasma	Detected and Quantified	184 +/- 3-204+/-15 uM	Not Available	Porcine	22513987	details
Plasma	Detected and Quantified	303 +/- 35-253+/-45 uM	Not Available	Porcine	22513987	details
Plasma	Detected and Quantified	309 +/- 65-243+/-43 uM	Not Available	Porcine	22513987	details
Plasma	Detected and Quantified	63.7 uM	Not Available	Bovine	17197001	details
Plasma	Detected and Quantified	64.9 uM	Not Available	Bovine	17197001	details
Plasma	Detected and Quantified	65.4 uM	Not Available	Bovine	17197001	details
Plasma	Detected and Quantified	149.6 +/- 58.7 uM	Not Available	Ovine	17900638	details
Plasma	Detected and Quantified	95.7-172.2 uM	Not Available	Ovine	17900638	details
Plasma	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	22370585	details
Plasma	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Ovine	24937646	details
Plasma	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Ovine	24937646	details
Plasma	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	25913299	details
Plasma	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	24440255	details
Plasma	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Ovine	17249687	details
Plasma	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Ovine	22242129	details
Plasma	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Porcine	20231903	details
Plasma	Detected and Quantified	459.93 uM	Not Available	Porcine	25820777	details
Plasma	Detected and Quantified	711.87 uM	Not Available	Porcine	25820777	details
Plasma	Detected and Quantified	732.44 uM	Not Available	Porcine	25820777	details
Plasma	Detected and Quantified	787.12 uM	Not Available	Porcine	25820777	details
Plasma	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Equine	E. E. Escalona, J...	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	105 uM	Not Available	Bovine	Burim NA, Qendrim...	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	116 uM	Not Available	Bovine	Burim NA, Qendrim...	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	125 uM	Not Available	Bovine	Burim NA, Qendrim...	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	197 uM	Not Available	Bovine	Burim NA, Qendrim...	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	117.9 uM	Not Available	Bovine	22959937	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	118.9 uM	Not Available	Bovine	22959937	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	163.8 uM	Not Available	Bovine	22959937	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	231.8 uM	Not Available	Bovine	22959937	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	111 +/- 8 uM	Not Available	Bovine	Saleem F, Bouatra...	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	115 +/- 24 uM	Not Available	Bovine	22706048	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	122 +/- 26 uM	Not Available	Bovine	Saleem F, Bouatra...	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	188 +/- 30 uM	Not Available	Bovine	22706048	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	165 +/- 30 uM	Not Available	Bovine	Saleem F, Bouatra...	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	25599412	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	189 +/- 17 uM	Not Available	Bovine	22706048	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	177 +/- 79 uM	Not Available	Bovine	Saleem F, Bouatra...	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	177 +/- 79 uM	Not Available	Bovine	Saleem F, Bouatra...	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	232 +/- 67 uM	Not Available	Bovine	Saleem F, Bouatra...	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	24617926	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	1,030 +/- 65 uM	Not Available	Caprine	22706048	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	116.3641 +/- 34.3942 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	202.7862 +/- 71.1888 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	128.9024 +/- 38.5398 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	159.6828 +/- 79.5243 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	169.6245 +/- 71.5205 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	178.9006 +/- 77.6708 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	105.3249 +/- 31.3713 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	139.04 +/- 51.56 uM	Not Available	Ovine	Candidate serum m...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	68.884 uM	Not Available	Porcine	26020888	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	183.8588 +/- 92.0686 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	73.809 uM	Not Available	Porcine	26020888	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	71.415 uM	Not Available	Porcine	26020888	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	101.582 uM	Not Available	Porcine	26020888	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	172.083 +/- 63.3137 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	119.9781 +/- 75.2074 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Porcine	21942754	details
Serum	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Porcine	18989615	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	187.9228 +/- 85.6174 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Porcine	26020888	details
Serum	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Porcine	21584308	details
Serum	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	25372282	details
Serum	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	25372282	details
Serum	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	25372282	details
Serum	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Porcine	21761043	details
Serum	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Caprine	24214495	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	200 +/- 20 uM	Not Available	Porcine	183842	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	198.8948 +/- 71.7395 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	126.6302 +/- 64.9684 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	131.1758 +/- 68.4389 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	132.6294 +/- 34.221 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	122.7317 +/- 46.5753 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	156.4565 +/- 87.1609 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	122.8646 +/- 31.7771 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	171.9937 +/- 91.3466 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	128 uM	Not Available	Porcine	Barbara U. Metzle...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	165.5869 +/- 81.9667 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	178.1 uM	Not Available	Porcine	Barbara U. Metzle...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	187.5 uM	Not Available	Porcine	Barbara U. Metzle...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	205 uM	Not Available	Porcine	Barbara U. Metzle...	details
Urine	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	22059599	details
Urine	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Porcine	21761043	details
Vitreous Humour	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Caprine	24845217	details