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Record Information
Version1.0
Creation Date2016-07-13 19:42:45 UTC
Update Date2020-03-19 21:19:43 UTC
LmdbLMDB00118
Secondary Accession NumbersNone
Metabolite Identification
Common NameSuccinic acid
DescriptionSuccinic acid is a dicarboxylic acid. The anion, succinate, is a component of the citric acid or TCA cycle and is capable of donating electrons to the electron transfer chain. Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) plays an important role in mitochondrial function, being both part of the respiratory chain and the Krebs cycle. SDH with a covalently attached FAD prosthetic group, is able to bind several different enzyme substrates (succinate and fumarate) and physiological regulators (oxaloacetate and ATP). Oxidizing succinate links SDH to the fast-cycling Krebs cycle portion where it participates in the breakdown of acetyl-CoA throughout the entire Krebs cycle. Succinate can readily be imported into the mitochondrial matrix by the n-butylmalonate- (or phenylsuccinate-) sensitive dicarboxylate carrier in exchange with inorganic phosphate or another organic acid, e. g. malate. (PMID 16143825 ) Mutations in the four genes encoding the subunits of the mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase are associated with a wide spectrum of clinical presentations (i.e.: Huntington's disease. (PMID 11803021 ). Succinic acid has recently been identified as an oncometabolite or an endogenous, cancer causing metabolite. High levels of this organic acid can be found in tumors or biofluids surrounding tumors. Its oncogenic action appears to due to its ability to inhibit prolyl hydroxylase-containing enzymes. In many tumours, oxygen availability becomes limited (hypoxia) very quickly due to rapid cell proliferation and limited blood vessel growth. The major regulator of the response to hypoxia is the HIF transcription factor (HIF-alpha). Under normal oxygen levels, protein levels of HIF-alpha are very low due to constant degradation, mediated by a series of post-translational modification events catalyzed by the prolyl hydroxylase domain-containing enzymes PHD1, 2 and 3, (also known as EglN2, 1 and 3) that hydroxylate HIF-alpha and lead to its degradation. All three of the PHD enzymes are inhibited by succinate.
Structure
Thumb
Synonyms
ValueSource
1,2-Ethanedicarboxylic acidChEBI
Acide butanedioiqueChEBI
Acide succiniqueChEBI
Acidum succinicumChEBI
Amber acidChEBI
AsuccinChEBI
BernsteinsaeureChEBI
ButandisaeureChEBI
Butanedionic acidChEBI
Dihydrofumaric acidChEBI
e363ChEBI
Ethylenesuccinic acidChEBI
HOOC-CH2-CH2-COOHChEBI
Spirit OF amberChEBI
1,2-EthanedicarboxylateGenerator
ButanedionateGenerator
DihydrofumarateGenerator
EthylenesuccinateGenerator
SuccinateGenerator
1,2 Ethanedicarboxylic acidMeSH
1,4 Butanedioic acidMeSH
1,4-Butanedioic acidMeSH
Ammonium succinateMeSH
Butanedioic acidMeSH
Potassium succinateMeSH
Succinate, ammoniumMeSH
Succinate, potassiumMeSH
1,4-ButanedioateHMDB
KatasuccinHMDB
Wormwood acidHMDB
2-Acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucoseChEBI, HMDB
D-GlcNAcChEBI, HMDB
N-Acetyl-D-glucosamineChEBI, HMDB
N-AcetylchitosamineChEBI, HMDB
N Acetyl D glucosamineHMDB
2 Acetamido 2 deoxy D glucoseHMDB
2 Acetamido 2 deoxyglucoseHMDB
2-Acetamido-2-deoxyglucoseHMDB
AcetylglucosamineHMDB
Chemical FormulaC4H6O4
Average Molecular Weight118.088
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight118.02660868
IUPAC Namebutanedioic acid
Traditional Namesuccinic acid
CAS Registry Number110-15-6
SMILES
OC(=O)CCC(O)=O
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C4H6O4/c5-3(6)1-2-4(7)8/h1-2H2,(H,5,6)(H,7,8)
InChI KeyKDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description belongs to the class of organic compounds known as dicarboxylic acids and derivatives. These are organic compounds containing exactly two carboxylic acid groups.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganic acids and derivatives
ClassCarboxylic acids and derivatives
Sub ClassDicarboxylic acids and derivatives
Direct ParentDicarboxylic acids and derivatives
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Fatty acid
  • Dicarboxylic acid or derivatives
  • Carboxylic acid
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Organic oxide
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Carbonyl group
  • Aliphatic acyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic acyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
StatusDetected and Quantified
OriginNot Available
BiofunctionNot Available
ApplicationNot Available
Cellular locationsNot Available
Physical Properties
StateNot Available
Experimental Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting PointNot AvailableNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water SolubilityNot AvailableNot Available
LogPNot AvailableNot Available
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
logP-0.53ALOGPS
logP-0.4ChemAxon
logS0.25ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)3.55ChemAxon
Physiological Charge-2ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count4ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count2ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area74.6 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count3ChemAxon
Refractivity23.54 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability10.14 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings0ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterYesChemAxon
Veber's RuleYesChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleYesChemAxon
Spectra
Spectra
Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyView
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (2 TMS)splash10-0002-0920000000-f286e6204a4163b823baSpectrum
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (Non-derivatized)splash10-0002-0900000000-bf336910bb37d7f78140Spectrum
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (2 TMS)splash10-006t-9800000000-df5ff4e8457d2d4ef919Spectrum
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (2 TMS)splash10-00c1-3930000000-3cc18e719822b5af661aSpectrum
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - EI-B (Non-derivatized)splash10-004i-9000000000-93b4807ae6275a3e59d7Spectrum
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - EI-B (Non-derivatized)splash10-0kos-9100000000-f1df0903a24c305e68ecSpectrum
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - EI-B (Non-derivatized)splash10-0002-0910000000-300c33b39fb991b5a73eSpectrum
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)splash10-0002-0920000000-f286e6204a4163b823baSpectrum
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)splash10-0002-0900000000-bf336910bb37d7f78140Spectrum
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)splash10-006t-9800000000-df5ff4e8457d2d4ef919Spectrum
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized)splash10-00c1-3930000000-3cc18e719822b5af661aSpectrum
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)splash10-0002-0900000000-f838d863ee7c2b111f02Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-00xr-9300000000-f0644daf4fbb11fcc2dcSpectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (2 TMS) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-00dj-9710000000-ff8325384b9eefd19106Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableSpectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableSpectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_1) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableSpectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TBDMS_1_1) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableSpectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TBDMS_2_1) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableSpectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 10V, Negative (Annotated)splash10-00di-9300000000-f9dc864d93a09d3074f9Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 25V, Negative (Annotated)splash10-00di-9300000000-76c151de384928b2256fSpectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 40V, Negative (Annotated)splash10-01b9-7900000000-51d2341c097f04827944Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - EI-B (Unknown) , Positivesplash10-004i-9000000000-93b4807ae6275a3e59d7Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negativesplash10-03dj-0971010000-37d214dc7a8fdc26116bSpectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negativesplash10-014i-9000000000-249222ac742c1634cec9Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negativesplash10-00di-9000000000-6897d49472dba6a34a27Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negativesplash10-0udi-0490000000-d138f8023125921b4b82Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 10V, Negativesplash10-014i-1900000000-4ffdabe5bde527b66982Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 20V, Negativesplash10-00di-9100000000-c20baa818f5ff5f678c1Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 30V, Negativesplash10-00di-9000000000-7a49a18aa6fcb2540a12Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 40V, Negativesplash10-00di-9000000000-9955aeb0e5a9f88ae70eSpectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 50V, Negativesplash10-00di-9000000000-7e1f195f111b4eafb4faSpectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF (UPLC Q-Tof Premier, Waters) , Negativesplash10-00xr-9400000000-e50afc90e20cd420ba9bSpectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF (UPLC Q-Tof Premier, Waters) , Negativesplash10-00xr-9600000000-43167f2549cbb5d5f7e8Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , negativesplash10-014i-1900000000-4ffdabe5bde527b66982Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , negativesplash10-00di-9100000000-7a8bfa543dc087bea06dSpectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , negativesplash10-00di-9000000000-fdec6c7458176f3cbeb8Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , negativesplash10-00di-9000000000-9955aeb0e5a9f88ae70eSpectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positivesplash10-0gb9-2900000000-9d959a53833b07094158Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positivesplash10-0l6r-9600000000-c367e11e737714d41418Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positivesplash10-056r-9000000000-e65aa602a8293debec36Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negativesplash10-014i-2900000000-e1f840494c9003279869Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negativesplash10-014i-7900000000-1089efd4a3469bcf14f1Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negativesplash10-0604-9000000000-0e0e60bb202ffb004894Spectrum
MSMass Spectrum (Electron Ionization)splash10-05di-9100000000-c629bea41d0d3d896425Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
2D NMR[1H,1H] 2D NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
2D NMR[1H,13C] 2D NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
Biological Properties
Cellular LocationsNot Available
Biofluid Locations and Tissue Locations
  • Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
  • Colostrum
  • Feces
  • Lung
  • Meat
  • Milk
  • Plasma
  • Ruminal Fluid
  • Serum
  • Urine
Concentrations
BiofluidStatusValueConditionSpeciesReferenceDetails
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)Detected but not QuantifiedNot ApplicableNot AvailableOvine details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)Detected but not QuantifiedNot ApplicableNot AvailableOvine details
ColostrumDetected but not QuantifiedNot ApplicableNot AvailableBovine details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot ApplicableNot AvailableEquine
    • E. E. Escalona, J...
details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot ApplicableNot AvailableOvine details
LungDetected but not QuantifiedNot ApplicableNot AvailablePorcine details
MeatDetected and Quantified167.81 +/- 31.14 uMNot AvailableBovine details
MeatDetected and Quantified172.53 +/- 22.4 uMNot AvailableBovine details
MeatDetected and Quantified453.8 +/- 37.98 uMNot AvailableBovine details
MeatDetected but not QuantifiedNot ApplicableNot AvailableBovine details
MeatDetected and Quantified110.14 +/- 35.65 uMNot AvailableBovine details
MilkDetected but not QuantifiedNot ApplicableNot AvailableBovine
    • Kurt J. Boudonck,...
details
MilkDetected and Quantified16-106 uMNot AvailableBovine details
MilkDetected but not QuantifiedNot ApplicableNot AvailableBovine details
MilkDetected but not QuantifiedNot ApplicableNot AvailableBovine details
PlasmaDetected and Quantified1717 +/- 365 uMNot AvailableBovine
    • Abdullah BAŞOĞLU,...
details
PlasmaDetected and Quantified592 +/- 172 uMNot AvailableBovine
    • Abdullah BAŞOĞLU,...
details
PlasmaDetected and Quantified912 +/- 96 uMNot AvailableBovine
    • Abdullah BAŞOĞLU,...
details
PlasmaDetected but not QuantifiedNot ApplicableNot AvailableOvine details
PlasmaDetected but not QuantifiedNot ApplicableNot AvailableOvine details
PlasmaDetected but not QuantifiedNot ApplicableNot AvailablePorcine details
PlasmaDetected but not QuantifiedNot ApplicableNot AvailablePorcine details
Ruminal FluidDetected and Quantified80.7 uMNot AvailableBovine
    • Burim NA, Qendrim...
details
Ruminal FluidDetected and Quantified82 uMNot AvailableBovine
    • Burim NA, Qendrim...
details
Ruminal FluidDetected and Quantified84.5 uMNot AvailableBovine
    • Burim NA, Qendrim...
details
Ruminal FluidDetected and Quantified103.6 uMNot AvailableBovine
    • Burim NA, Qendrim...
details
Ruminal FluidDetected and Quantified118 +/- 52 uMNot AvailableBovine
    • Saleem F, Bouatra...
details
Ruminal FluidDetected and Quantified124 +/- 21 uMNot AvailableBovine
    • Saleem F, Bouatra...
details
Ruminal FluidDetected and Quantified124 +/- 21 uMNot AvailableBovine
    • Saleem F, Bouatra...
details
Ruminal FluidDetected and Quantified147 +/- 35 uMNot AvailableBovine
    • Saleem F, Bouatra...
details
Ruminal FluidDetected and Quantified178 +/- 65 uMNot AvailableBovine
    • Saleem F, Bouatra...
details
Ruminal FluidDetected and Quantified83 +/- 12 uMNot AvailableBovine
    • Saleem F, Bouatra...
details
Ruminal FluidDetected and Quantified49.1 +/- 8.2 uMNot AvailableBovine details
Ruminal FluidDetected and Quantified73.0 +/- 11 uMNot AvailableBovine details
Ruminal FluidDetected and Quantified77.3 +/- 13 uMNot AvailableBovine details
Ruminal FluidDetected but not QuantifiedNot ApplicableNot AvailableBovine details
Ruminal FluidDetected and Quantified240 +/- 49 uMNot AvailableCaprine details
Ruminal FluidDetected and Quantified112.7 uMNot AvailableBovine details
Ruminal FluidDetected and Quantified117.9 uMNot AvailableBovine details
Ruminal FluidDetected and Quantified125.4 uMNot AvailableBovine details
Ruminal FluidDetected and Quantified158.2 uMNot AvailableBovine details
SerumDetected and Quantified5.65 +/- 3.92 uMNot AvailableOvine
    • Candidate serum m...
details
SerumDetected but not QuantifiedNot ApplicableNot AvailablePorcine details
SerumDetected but not QuantifiedNot ApplicableNot AvailablePorcine details
SerumDetected but not QuantifiedNot ApplicableNot AvailablePorcine details
SerumDetected but not QuantifiedNot ApplicableNot AvailablePorcine details
SerumDetected but not QuantifiedNot ApplicableNot AvailablePorcine details
SerumDetected but not QuantifiedNot ApplicableNot AvailablePorcine details
SerumDetected but not QuantifiedNot ApplicableNot AvailableBovine details
SerumDetected but not QuantifiedNot ApplicableNot AvailableBovine details
SerumDetected but not QuantifiedNot ApplicableNot AvailableBovine details
SerumDetected but not QuantifiedNot ApplicableNot AvailablePorcine details
UrineDetected but not QuantifiedNot ApplicableNot AvailablePorcine
    • Federica Murgia, ...
details
UrineDetected but not QuantifiedNot ApplicableNot AvailablePorcine details
UrineDetected but not QuantifiedNot ApplicableNot AvailablePorcine details
UrineDetected but not QuantifiedNot ApplicableNot AvailablePorcine details
DrugBank IDDB00139
HMDB IDHMDB0000254
FooDB IDFDB001931
Phenol Explorer IDNot Available
KNApSAcK IDC00001205
BiGG IDNot Available
BioCyc IDSUC
METLIN IDNot Available
PDB IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkSuccinic_acid
Chemspider ID1078
ChEBI ID15741
PubChem Compound ID1738118
Kegg Compound IDC00042
YMDB IDYMDB00338
ECMDB IDECMDB00254
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General References
  1. Briere JJ, Favier J, El Ghouzzi V, Djouadi F, Benit P, Gimenez AP, Rustin P: Succinate dehydrogenase deficiency in human. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2005 Oct;62(19-20):2317-24. [16143825 ]
  2. Rustin P, Rotig A: Inborn errors of complex II--unusual human mitochondrial diseases. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2002 Jan 17;1553(1-2):117-22. [11803021 ]