Livestock Metabolome Database: Showing metabocard for L-Isoleucine (LMDB00077)

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Identification Taxonomy Ontology Physical properties Spectra Biological properties Concentrations Links References XML

Record Information

Version

1.0

Creation Date

2016-07-13 19:41:52 UTC

Update Date

2021-04-30 20:57:57 UTC

Lmdb

LMDB00077

Secondary Accession Numbers

None

Metabolite Identification

Common Name

L-Isoleucine

Description

Branched chain amino acids (BCAA) are essential amino acids whose carbon structure is marked by a branch point. These three amino acids are critical to animal life and are particularly involved in stress, energy and muscle metabolism. BCAA supplementation as therapy, both oral and intravenous, in animal health and disease holds great promise. "BCAA" denotes valine, isoleucine and leucine which are branched chain essential amino acids. Despite their structural similarities, the branched amino acids have different metabolic routes, with valine going solely to carbohydrates, leucine solely to fats and isoleucine to both. The different metabolism accounts for different requirements for these essential amino acids in animals: 12 mg/kg, 14 mg/kg and 16 mg/kg of valine, leucine and isoleucine respectively. Furthermore, these amino acids have different deficiency symptoms. Valine deficiency is marked by neurological defects in the brain, while isoleucine deficiency is marked by muscle tremors. BCAA are decreased in patients with liver disease, such as hepatitis, hepatic coma, cirrhosis, extrahepatic biliary atresia or portacaval shunt; aromatic amino acids (AAA)-tyrosine, tryptophan and phenylalanine, as well as methionine-are increased in these conditions. Valine, in particular, has been established as a useful supplemental therapy to the ailing liver. All the BCAA probably compete with AAA for absorption into the brain. Supplemental BCAA with vitamin B6 and zinc help normalize the BCAA:AAA ratio. The BCAA are not without side effects. Leucine alone, for example, exacerbates pellagra and can cause psychosis in pellagra patients by increasing excretion of niacin in the urine. Leucine may lower brain serotonin and dopamine. A dose of 3 g of isoleucine added to the niacin regime has cleared leucine-aggravated psychosis in schizophrenic patients. Isoleucine may have potential as an antipsychotic treatment. Leucine is more highly concentrated in foods than other amino acids. A cup of milk contains 800 mg of leucine and only 500 mg of isoleucine and valine. A cup of wheat germ has about 1.6 g of leucine and 1 g of isoleucine and valine. The ratio evens out in eggs and cheese. One egg and an ounce of most cheeses each contain about 400 mg of leucine and 400 mg of valine and isoleucine. The ratio of leucine to other BCAA is greatest in pork, where leucine is 7 to 8 g and the other BCAA together are only 3 to 4 g. (http://www.dcnutrition.com).

Structure

MOL SDF 3D-SDF PDB SMILES InChI View 3D Structure

Synonyms

Value	Source
(2S,3S)-2-Amino-3-methylpentanoic acid	ChEBI
2-Amino-3-methylvaleric acid	ChEBI
alpha-Amino-beta-methylvaleric acid	ChEBI
I	ChEBI
Ile	ChEBI
ISOLEUCINE	ChEBI
(2S,3S)-2-Amino-3-methylpentanoate	Generator
2-Amino-3-methylvalerate	Generator
a-Amino-b-methylvalerate	Generator
a-Amino-b-methylvaleric acid	Generator
alpha-Amino-beta-methylvalerate	Generator
Α-amino-β-methylvalerate	Generator
Α-amino-β-methylvaleric acid	Generator
(2S,3S)-2-Amino-3-methyl-pentanoate	HMDB
(2S,3S)-2-Amino-3-methyl-pentanoic acid	HMDB
(2S,3S)-a-Amino-b-methyl-N-valerate	HMDB
(2S,3S)-a-Amino-b-methyl-N-valeric acid	HMDB
(2S,3S)-a-Amino-b-methylvalerate	HMDB
(2S,3S)-a-Amino-b-methylvaleric acid	HMDB
(2S,3S)-Alph-amino-beta-methylvalerate	HMDB
(2S,3S)-Alph-amino-beta-methylvaleric acid	HMDB
(2S,3S)-alpha-Amino-beta-merthyl-N-valerate	HMDB
(2S,3S)-alpha-Amino-beta-merthyl-N-valeric acid	HMDB
(2S,3S)-alpha-Amino-beta-merthylvalerate	HMDB
(2S,3S)-alpha-Amino-beta-merthylvaleric acid	HMDB
(2S,3S)-alpha-Amino-beta-methyl-N-valerate	HMDB
(2S,3S)-alpha-Amino-beta-methyl-N-valeric acid	HMDB
(2S,3S)-alpha-Amino-beta-methylvalerate	HMDB
(2S,3S)-alpha-Amino-beta-methylvaleric acid	HMDB
(S)-Isoleucine	HMDB
(S,S)-Isoleucine	HMDB
2-Amino-3-methylpentanoate	HMDB
2-Amino-3-methylpentanoic acid	HMDB
2S,3S-Isoleucine	HMDB
Erythro-L-isoleucine	HMDB
Iso-leucine	HMDB
L-(+)-Isoleucine	HMDB
L-Ile	HMDB
[S-(R,r)]-2-amino-3-methylpentanoate	HMDB
[S-(R,r)]-2-amino-3-methylpentanoic acid	HMDB
Isoleucine, L-isomer	HMDB
Alloisoleucine	HMDB
Isoleucine, L isomer	HMDB
L-Isomer isoleucine	HMDB
2S-Amino-3S-methylpentanoate	HMDB
L-Isoleucine	KEGG

Chemical Formula

C₆H₁₃NO₂

Average Molecular Weight

131.1729

Monoisotopic Molecular Weight

131.094628665

IUPAC Name

(2S,3S)-2-amino-3-methylpentanoic acid

Traditional Name

L-isoleucine

CAS Registry Number

73-32-5

SMILES

CC[C@H](C)[C@H](N)C(O)=O

InChI Identifier

InChI=1S/C6H13NO2/c1-3-4(2)5(7)6(8)9/h4-5H,3,7H2,1-2H3,(H,8,9)/t4-,5-/m0/s1

InChI Key

AGPKZVBTJJNPAG-WHFBIAKZSA-N

Chemical Taxonomy

Description

belongs to the class of organic compounds known as isoleucine and derivatives. Isoleucine and derivatives are compounds containing isoleucine or a derivative thereof resulting from reaction of isoleucine at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of glycine by a heteroatom.

Kingdom

Organic compounds

Super Class

Organic acids and derivatives

Class

Carboxylic acids and derivatives

Sub Class

Amino acids, peptides, and analogues

Direct Parent

Isoleucine and derivatives

Alternative Parents

Substituents

Isoleucine or derivatives
Alpha-amino acid
L-alpha-amino acid
Branched fatty acid
Methyl-branched fatty acid
Fatty acid
Fatty acyl
Amino acid
Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
Carboxylic acid
Organic oxide
Organopnictogen compound
Primary amine
Organooxygen compound
Organonitrogen compound
Primary aliphatic amine
Carbonyl group
Organic oxygen compound
Amine
Organic nitrogen compound
Hydrocarbon derivative
Aliphatic acyclic compound

Molecular Framework

Aliphatic acyclic compounds

External Descriptors

aspartate family amino acid (CHEBI:17191 )
proteinogenic amino acid (CHEBI:17191 )
L-alpha-amino acid (CHEBI:17191 )
isoleucine (CHEBI:17191 )
Common amino acids (C00407 )
Amino fatty acids (LMFA01100047 )

Ontology

Status

Detected and Quantified

Origin

Not Available

Biofunction

Not Available

Application

Not Available

Cellular locations

Not Available

Physical Properties

State

Not Available

Experimental Properties

Property	Value	Reference
Melting Point	Not Available	Not Available
Boiling Point	Not Available	Not Available
Water Solubility	Not Available	Not Available
LogP	Not Available	Not Available

Predicted Properties

Property	Value	Source
logP	-1.7	ALOGPS
logP	-1.5	ChemAxon
logS	-0.06	ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)	2.79	ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)	9.59	ChemAxon
Physiological Charge	0	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count	3	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count	2	ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area	63.32 Å²	ChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count	3	ChemAxon
Refractivity	34.09 m³·mol⁻¹	ChemAxon
Polarizability	14.11 Å³	ChemAxon
Number of Rings	0	ChemAxon
Bioavailability	Yes	ChemAxon
Rule of Five	Yes	ChemAxon
Ghose Filter	No	ChemAxon
Veber's Rule	No	ChemAxon
MDDR-like Rule	No	ChemAxon

Spectra

Spectrum Type	Description	Splash Key	View
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (2 TMS)	splash10-0a4i-0930000000-e78f845bb2a8d4736476	Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (2 TMS)	splash10-0a4i-0910000000-de9162d149073d0e2a37	Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (2 TMS)	splash10-0a4i-0920000000-599e61f8ccdb6525c7a9	Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (Non-derivatized)	splash10-0a4i-0910000000-742e44c426c0d6c2a9ac	Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (2 TMS)	splash10-05fr-8910000000-dbb33e0f02ac2ca5fedd	Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - EI-B (Non-derivatized)	splash10-0a4i-0920000000-37690f426455ac41e2c2	Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)	splash10-0a4i-0930000000-e78f845bb2a8d4736476	Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)	splash10-0a4i-0910000000-de9162d149073d0e2a37	Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)	splash10-0a4i-0920000000-599e61f8ccdb6525c7a9	Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)	splash10-0a4i-0910000000-742e44c426c0d6c2a9ac	Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-QQ (Non-derivatized)	splash10-0udi-2392000000-74cca1eb265b8e3d7f43	Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)	splash10-05fr-8910000000-dbb33e0f02ac2ca5fedd	Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)	splash10-000i-9100000000-27891dff695c5db53796	Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)	splash10-0a4i-0910000000-43ec1890f6dbd6aea657	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive	splash10-00b9-9100000000-40bc9ef43da5f18be883	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (1 TMS) - 70eV, Positive	splash10-000i-9200000000-ae8694c0f3e4dcc608f9	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_2) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TBDMS_1_1) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TBDMS_1_2) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 10V, Positive (Annotated)	splash10-000i-9300000000-8a23b3e62231eb65f80f	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 25V, Positive (Annotated)	splash10-00ko-9000000000-ac7e71578d7e1d0e8ce9	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 40V, Positive (Annotated)	splash10-052f-9000000000-2586d4a089921dd977ed	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive	splash10-001i-0900000000-5b11521ff6a631376d2b	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive	splash10-000i-9000000000-3c352f229e4067fcd489	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive	splash10-000i-9000000000-8a7ef48fc0c1b6f845c2	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive	splash10-0002-0920000000-2e11aa1c7a5defc386db	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive	splash10-001i-0900000000-b63ac9cf06eda4c54a81	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive	splash10-000i-9000000000-e5b0c8c6b09f541d6dbf	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive	splash10-000i-9000000000-d89d16d5c2242e44ec63	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive	splash10-000i-9000000000-5de583142c7bdb381c8f	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 10V, Negative	splash10-001i-0900000000-8c75bde35c4a4073ee65	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 20V, Negative	splash10-001i-0900000000-233a9862f616afea2d17	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 30V, Negative	splash10-001i-1900000000-375f35065b82b13e6d6e	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 40V, Negative	splash10-00dl-9000000000-d0d4a9f90fe2aca74483	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 50V, Negative	splash10-0006-9000000000-0018f47571feaf232ff8	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 10V, Positive	splash10-001r-7900000000-278dc67396114be331ba	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 20V, Positive	splash10-000i-9000000000-e26c042aa6231eeca071	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 30V, Positive	splash10-014r-9000000000-b6c1752fd3fbccb3d1c5	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 40V, Positive	splash10-05mo-9000000000-0569c3162621252ed0a8	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 50V, Positive	splash10-052f-9000000000-3d52b5d56d3fab45276e	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - CE-ESI-TOF (CE-system connected to 6210 Time-of-Flight MS, Agilent) , Positive	splash10-001i-0900000000-720554d58264a9cfdb67	Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive	splash10-0019-9500000000-00268b2694cde281641b	Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive	splash10-000i-9000000000-4014793e17e0290790a4	Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive	splash10-0a4i-9000000000-eb9a97a14461e524e76e	Spectrum
MS	Mass Spectrum (Electron Ionization)	splash10-004r-9000000000-34d4d4cb7042da231eb4	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
2D NMR	[1H,1H] 2D NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
2D NMR	[1H,13C] 2D NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum

Biological Properties

Cellular Locations

Not Available

Biofluid Locations and Tissue Locations

Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
Colostrum
Embryo culture media
Feces
Follicular Fluid
Jejunum
Kidney
Kidney perfusate
Liver
Lung
Meat
Milk
Plasma
Rumen
Ruminal Fluid
Serum
Urine

Concentrations

Biofluid	Status	Value	Condition	Species	Reference	Details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Ovine	17510975	details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Ovine	17510975	details
Colostrum	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	25637742	details
Colostrum	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	22361340	details
Colostrum	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	22417363	details
Colostrum	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	S. F. Graham, T. ...	details
Embryo culture media	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	20058302	details
Embryo culture media	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	20058302	details
Feces	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Ovine	17249687	details
Feces	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Equine	E. E. Escalona, J...	details
Follicular Fluid	Detected and Quantified	92 +/- 0-110+/-0 uM	Not Available	Porcine	183842	details
Jejunum	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Porcine	21584308	details
Kidney	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Porcine	21761043	details
Kidney perfusate	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Porcine	25502759	details
Liver	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Porcine	21761043	details
Lung	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Porcine	23412987	details
Meat	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	25637742	details
Meat	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Porcine	24200563	details
Meat	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	22361340	details
Meat	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	22417363	details
Meat	Detected and Quantified	0.64+/-0.07 umol/g	Not Available	Bovine	S. F. Graham, T. ...	details
Meat	Detected and Quantified	0.97+/-0.12 umol/g	Not Available	Bovine	S. F. Graham, T. ...	details
Meat	Detected and Quantified	2.36+/-0.38 umol/g	Not Available	Bovine	S. F. Graham, T. ...	details
Meat	Detected and Quantified	387.77+/-50.25 umol/g	Not Available	Bovine	S. F. Graham, T. ...	details
Meat	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	S. F. Graham, T. ...	details
Meat	Detected and Quantified	215.92 +/- 14.82 uM	Not Available	Bovine	20831251	details
Meat	Detected and Quantified	46.75 +/- 3.37 uM	Not Available	Bovine	20831251	details
Meat	Detected and Quantified	72.44 +/- 10.27 uM	Not Available	Bovine	20831251	details
Meat	Detected and Quantified	85.7 +/- 14.97 uM	Not Available	Bovine	20831251	details
Milk	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	23497994	details
Milk	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	23182357	details
Milk	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	25087032	details
Milk	Detected and Quantified	2-13 uM	Not Available	Bovine	20338431	details
Milk	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	Kurt J. Boudonck,...	details
Milk	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	Kurt J. Boudonck,...	details
Plasma	Detected and Quantified	137 +/- 1-101+/-6 uM	Not Available	Porcine	22513987	details
Plasma	Detected and Quantified	93 +/- 10-103+/-17 uM	Not Available	Porcine	22513987	details
Plasma	Detected and Quantified	94 +/- 8-105+/-6 uM	Not Available	Porcine	22513987	details
Plasma	Detected and Quantified	71.5 uM	Not Available	Bovine	17197001	details
Plasma	Detected and Quantified	76.9 uM	Not Available	Bovine	17197001	details
Plasma	Detected and Quantified	82.3 uM	Not Available	Bovine	17197001	details
Plasma	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Porcine	22612070	details
Plasma	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	22370585	details
Plasma	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	22370585	details
Plasma	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	25913299	details
Plasma	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	24440255	details
Plasma	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Porcine	22612070	details
Plasma	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Porcine	21859467	details
Plasma	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Porcine	23100586	details
Plasma	Detected and Quantified	128.4 +/- 33.9 uM	Not Available	Ovine	17900638	details
Plasma	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Ovine	17249687	details
Plasma	Detected and Quantified	71.4-149.8 uM	Not Available	Ovine	17900638	details
Plasma	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Porcine	19603403	details
Plasma	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Ovine	22242129	details
Plasma	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	24070026	details
Plasma	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Ovine	17249687	details
Plasma	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Porcine	20231903	details
Plasma	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Equine	21496096	details
Plasma	Detected and Quantified	131.02 uM	Not Available	Porcine	25820777	details
Plasma	Detected and Quantified	150.84 uM	Not Available	Porcine	25820777	details
Plasma	Detected and Quantified	213.65 uM	Not Available	Porcine	25820777	details
Plasma	Detected and Quantified	268.52 uM	Not Available	Porcine	25820777	details
Plasma	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Equine	E. E. Escalona, J...	details
Rumen	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	Hanne Christine B...	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	124 uM	Not Available	Bovine	Burim NA, Qendrim...	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	144 uM	Not Available	Bovine	Burim NA, Qendrim...	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	148 uM	Not Available	Bovine	Burim NA, Qendrim...	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	222 uM	Not Available	Bovine	Burim NA, Qendrim...	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	24617926	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	151.8 uM	Not Available	Bovine	22959937	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	173.8 uM	Not Available	Bovine	22959937	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	182.9 uM	Not Available	Bovine	22959937	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	266.9 uM	Not Available	Bovine	22959937	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	134 +/- 14 uM	Not Available	Bovine	Saleem F, Bouatra...	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	137 +/- 40 uM	Not Available	Bovine	Saleem F, Bouatra...	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	147 +/- 42 uM	Not Available	Bovine	Saleem F, Bouatra...	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	147 +/- 42 uM	Not Available	Bovine	Saleem F, Bouatra...	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	183 +/- 74 uM	Not Available	Bovine	Saleem F, Bouatra...	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	235 +/- 62 uM	Not Available	Bovine	Saleem F, Bouatra...	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	128 +/- 4.1 uM	Not Available	Bovine	22706048	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	216 +/- 25 uM	Not Available	Bovine	22706048	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	231 +/- 48 uM	Not Available	Bovine	22706048	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	1,060 +/- 150 uM	Not Available	Caprine	22706048	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	58.0409 +/- 12.1597 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	70.6172 +/- 22.1862 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	64.9068 +/- 18.9105 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Porcine	21942754	details
Serum	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Porcine	18989615	details
Serum	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Porcine	26020888	details
Serum	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Porcine	22761248	details
Serum	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Porcine	21584308	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	77.1262 +/- 27.3193 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	25372282	details
Serum	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	25372282	details
Serum	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	25372282	details
Serum	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Porcine	21761043	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	68.631 +/- 9.0775 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	118.393 uM	Not Available	Porcine	26020888	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	82.563 uM	Not Available	Porcine	26020888	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	91.787 uM	Not Available	Porcine	26020888	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	114.81 uM	Not Available	Porcine	26020888	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	72.2449 +/- 26.2365 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Porcine	21429726	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	58.85 +/- 18.66 uM	Not Available	Ovine	Candidate serum m...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	69.2819 +/- 22.2931 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	58.4401 +/- 14.7393 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	78.5011 +/- 21.3367 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	70.1361 +/- 24.7727 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	58.4032 +/- 14.2367 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	100 +/- 10 uM	Not Available	Porcine	183842	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	61.938 +/- 28.0117 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	57.3422 +/- 11.7855 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	79.4648 +/- 30.2877 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	57.0843 +/- 14.1431 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	57.7769 +/- 10.8973 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	69.5831 +/- 26.8305 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Equine	Lucia Pappalardo,...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	197.9 uM	Not Available	Porcine	Barbara U. Metzle...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	78.2196 +/- 28.6964 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	225.8 uM	Not Available	Porcine	Barbara U. Metzle...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	238.7 uM	Not Available	Porcine	Barbara U. Metzle...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	283.3 uM	Not Available	Porcine	Barbara U. Metzle...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	60.6206 +/- 13.5943 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	76.2264 +/- 14.23 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Urine	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Porcine	21761043	details
Urine	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Equine	E. E. Escalona, J...	details