Livestock Metabolome Database: Showing metabocard for L-Valine (LMDB00271)

Identification Taxonomy Ontology Physical properties Spectra Biological properties Concentrations Links References XML

Record Information

Version

1.0

Creation Date

2016-07-13 19:46:08 UTC

Update Date

2021-04-30 20:57:59 UTC

Lmdb

LMDB00271

Secondary Accession Numbers

None

Metabolite Identification

Common Name

L-Valine

Description

Valine (abbreviated as Val or V) is an -amino acid with the chemical formula HO2CCH(NH2)CH(CH3)2. It is named after the plant valerian. L-Valine is one of 20 proteinogenic amino acids. Its codons are GUU, GUC, GUA, and GUG. This essential amino acid is classified as nonpolar. Along with leucine and isoleucine, valine is a branched-chain amino acid. Branched chain amino acids (BCAA) are essential amino acids whose carbon structure is marked by a branch point. These three amino acids are critical to animal life and are particularly involved in stress, energy and muscle metabolism. BCAA supplementation as therapy, both oral and intravenous, in animal health and disease holds great promise. "BCAA" denotes valine, isoleucine and leucine which are branched chain essential amino acids. Despite their structural similarities, the branched amino acids have different metabolic routes, with valine going solely to carbohydrates, leucine solely to fats and isoleucine to both. The different metabolism accounts for different requirements for these essential amino acids in animals: 12 mg/kg, 14 mg/kg and 16 mg/kg of valine, leucine and isoleucine respectively. Furthermore, these amino acids have different deficiency symptoms. Valine deficiency is marked by neurological defects in the brain, while isoleucine deficiency is marked by muscle tremors. Many types of inborn errors of BCAA metabolism exist, and are marked by various abnormalities. The most common form is the maple syrup urine disease, marked by a characteristic urinary odor. Other abnormalities are associated with a wide range of symptoms, such as mental retardation, ataxia, hypoglycemia, spinal muscle atrophy, rash, vomiting and excessive muscle movement. Most forms of BCAA metabolism errors are corrected by dietary restriction of BCAA and at least one form is correctable by supplementation with 10 mg of biotin daily. BCAA are decreased in patients with liver disease, such as hepatitis, hepatic coma, cirrhosis, extrahepatic biliary atresia or portacaval shunt; aromatic amino acids (AAA)ótyrosine, tryptophan and phenylalanine, as well as methionineóare increased in these conditions. Valine in particular, has been established as a useful supplemental therapy to the ailing liver. All the BCAA probably compete with AAA for absorption into the brain. Supplemental BCAA with vitamin B6 and zinc help normalize the BCAA:AAA ratio. (http://www.dcnutrition.com). In sickle-cell disease, valine substitutes for the hydrophilic amino acid glutamic acid in hemoglobin. Because valine is hydrophobic, the hemoglobin does not fold correctly. Valine is an essential amino acid, hence it must be ingested, usually as a component of proteins.

Structure

MOL SDF PDB SMILES InChI

Synonyms

Value	Source
(2S)-2-Amino-3-methylbutanoic acid	ChEBI
(S)-Valine	ChEBI
2-Amino-3-methylbutyric acid	ChEBI
L-(+)-alpha-Aminoisovaleric acid	ChEBI
L-alpha-Amino-beta-methylbutyric acid	ChEBI
L-Valin	ChEBI
V	ChEBI
Val	ChEBI
VALINE	ChEBI
(2S)-2-Amino-3-methylbutanoate	Generator
2-Amino-3-methylbutyrate	Generator
L-(+)-a-Aminoisovalerate	Generator
L-(+)-a-Aminoisovaleric acid	Generator
L-(+)-alpha-Aminoisovalerate	Generator
L-(+)-Α-aminoisovalerate	Generator
L-(+)-Α-aminoisovaleric acid	Generator
L-a-Amino-b-methylbutyrate	Generator
L-a-Amino-b-methylbutyric acid	Generator
L-alpha-Amino-beta-methylbutyrate	Generator
L-Α-amino-β-methylbutyrate	Generator
L-Α-amino-β-methylbutyric acid	Generator
(S)-2-Amino-3-methyl-butanoate	HMDB
(S)-2-Amino-3-methyl-butanoic acid	HMDB
(S)-2-Amino-3-methylbutanoate	HMDB
(S)-2-Amino-3-methylbutanoic acid	HMDB
(S)-2-Amino-3-methylbutyrate	HMDB
(S)-2-Amino-3-methylbutyric acid	HMDB
(S)-a-Amino-b-methylbutyrate	HMDB
(S)-a-Amino-b-methylbutyric acid	HMDB
(S)-alpha-Amino-beta-methylbutyrate	HMDB
(S)-alpha-Amino-beta-methylbutyric acid	HMDB
2-Amino-3-methylbutanoate	HMDB
2-Amino-3-methylbutanoic acid	HMDB
L Valine	HMDB

Chemical Formula

C₅H₁₁NO₂

Average Molecular Weight

117.1463

Monoisotopic Molecular Weight

117.078978601

IUPAC Name

(2S)-2-amino-3-methylbutanoic acid

Traditional Name

L-valine

CAS Registry Number

72-18-4

SMILES

CC(C)[C@H](N)C(O)=O

InChI Identifier

InChI=1S/C5H11NO2/c1-3(2)4(6)5(7)8/h3-4H,6H2,1-2H3,(H,7,8)/t4-/m0/s1

InChI Key

KZSNJWFQEVHDMF-BYPYZUCNSA-N

Chemical Taxonomy

Description

belongs to the class of organic compounds known as valine and derivatives. Valine and derivatives are compounds containing valine or a derivative thereof resulting from reaction of valine at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of glycine by a heteroatom.

Kingdom

Organic compounds

Super Class

Organic acids and derivatives

Class

Carboxylic acids and derivatives

Sub Class

Amino acids, peptides, and analogues

Direct Parent

Valine and derivatives

Alternative Parents

Substituents

Valine or derivatives
Alpha-amino acid
L-alpha-amino acid
Branched fatty acid
Methyl-branched fatty acid
Fatty acid
Fatty acyl
Amino acid
Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
Carboxylic acid
Organic oxide
Organopnictogen compound
Primary amine
Organooxygen compound
Organonitrogen compound
Primary aliphatic amine
Carbonyl group
Organic oxygen compound
Amine
Organic nitrogen compound
Hydrocarbon derivative
Aliphatic acyclic compound

Molecular Framework

Aliphatic acyclic compounds

External Descriptors

proteinogenic amino acid (CHEBI:16414 )
L-alpha-amino acid (CHEBI:16414 )
valine (CHEBI:16414 )
pyruvate family amino acid (CHEBI:16414 )
Common amino acids (C00183 )

Ontology

Status

Detected and Quantified

Origin

Not Available

Biofunction

Not Available

Application

Not Available

Cellular locations

Not Available

Physical Properties

State

Not Available

Experimental Properties

Property	Value	Reference
Melting Point	Not Available	Not Available
Boiling Point	Not Available	Not Available
Water Solubility	Not Available	Not Available
LogP	Not Available	Not Available

Predicted Properties

Property	Value	Source
logP	-2.3	ALOGPS
logP	-2	ChemAxon
logS	0.26	ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)	2.72	ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)	9.6	ChemAxon
Physiological Charge	0	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count	3	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count	2	ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area	63.32 Å²	ChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count	2	ChemAxon
Refractivity	29.49 m³·mol⁻¹	ChemAxon
Polarizability	12.19 Å³	ChemAxon
Number of Rings	0	ChemAxon
Bioavailability	Yes	ChemAxon
Rule of Five	Yes	ChemAxon
Ghose Filter	Yes	ChemAxon
Veber's Rule	Yes	ChemAxon
MDDR-like Rule	Yes	ChemAxon

Spectra

Spectrum Type	Description	Splash Key	View
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (2 TMS)	splash10-0006-0910000000-23bfcf2795f71f458bda	Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (2 TMS)	splash10-0006-0920000000-7892bb9d4d9afcc23410	Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (2 TMS)	splash10-0006-0910000000-f2491152816b9c5dc7ed	Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (1 TMS)	splash10-0znj-1900000000-7c976d7c11a402db399f	Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (2 TMS)	splash10-00dl-8910000000-78e8ee971ad7298c23cd	Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (1 TMS)	splash10-00di-9200000000-805e6724e5181af78c81	Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (2 TMS)	splash10-0006-0910000000-a212771a5ea868139d5a	Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - EI-B (Non-derivatized)	splash10-059t-0900000000-7b8e4e98ac9158bf26d9	Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - EI-B (Non-derivatized)	splash10-0006-0910000000-9079324093be9a14d47a	Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)	splash10-0006-0910000000-23bfcf2795f71f458bda	Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)	splash10-0006-0920000000-7892bb9d4d9afcc23410	Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)	splash10-0006-0910000000-f2491152816b9c5dc7ed	Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)	splash10-0znj-1900000000-7c976d7c11a402db399f	Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-QQ (Non-derivatized)	splash10-000i-2920000000-1628d46d5520c5f20de8	Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)	splash10-00dl-8910000000-78e8ee971ad7298c23cd	Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized)	splash10-00di-9200000000-805e6724e5181af78c81	Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized)	splash10-0006-0910000000-a212771a5ea868139d5a	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive	splash10-00dl-9000000000-602d1e01bc7567493e4c	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (1 TMS) - 70eV, Positive	splash10-00dl-9500000000-a758682a7aafbd0d553e	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_2) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TBDMS_1_1) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TBDMS_1_2) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 10V, Positive (Annotated)	splash10-00di-9000000000-67498a3295a1fe788c4b	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 25V, Positive (Annotated)	splash10-0a4i-9000000000-fb359f44fcf1b83ee14d	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 40V, Positive (Annotated)	splash10-0a4i-9000000000-8e5f620c04615765a062	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive	splash10-014r-0900000000-619d80cc41221405e0bd	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive	splash10-00di-9000000000-17ab53cec2e6b727c3e9	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive	splash10-00di-9000000000-0dfbcc85d6423af91eda	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive	splash10-014l-4900000000-c50d79ba3a5013bcf29f	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive	splash10-0uxr-0900000000-67a7784963ec75cecaa0	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive	splash10-00di-9000000000-4569516f23d8a712b434	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive	splash10-001i-0900000000-d928cac1226f19b8edc3	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive	splash10-0udi-0900000000-34059351f2cbd94a8acc	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 10V, Negative	splash10-014i-0900000000-a36d8d68a6705027415f	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 20V, Negative	splash10-014i-0900000000-1a5d8f4c1b293de18fed	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 30V, Negative	splash10-014i-0900000000-b410df2c18dfc8ab7165	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 10V, Positive	splash10-0gi0-6900000000-c87ff036e3a5d15b7670	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 20V, Positive	splash10-00di-9000000000-561b3b28fa82e0b10658	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 30V, Positive	splash10-05fr-9000000000-11e7c0a3d5cf8e4dedfe	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 40V, Positive	splash10-0a4i-9000000000-6a6f8cd9629b0f09469c	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 50V, Positive	splash10-0a4i-9000000000-4518f691bbda5739c0f1	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - CE-ESI-TOF (CE-system connected to 6210 Time-of-Flight MS, Agilent) , Positive	splash10-014i-0900000000-a931cfc8207edac33775	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF (UPLC Q-Tof Premier, Waters) , Positive	splash10-00di-9000000000-430332b13b8c6368136b	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF (UPLC Q-Tof Premier, Waters) , Negative	splash10-014i-0900000000-ffb286a8ae38a0a3e6d2	Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive	splash10-00xr-9500000000-bb54662a5fd1dd142d90	Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive	splash10-00di-9000000000-1f7d9c10db4226a383c1	Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive	splash10-05fu-9000000000-f6d7e45bb3f3436e5eb7	Spectrum
MS	Mass Spectrum (Electron Ionization)	splash10-05fr-9000000000-5d10fb7acd70b2f43368	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
2D NMR	[1H,1H] 2D NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
2D NMR	[1H,13C] 2D NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum

Biological Properties

Cellular Locations

Not Available

Biofluid Locations and Tissue Locations

Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
Colostrum
Embryo culture media
Feces
Follicular Fluid
Jejunum
Kidney
Kidney perfusate
Liver
Lung
Meat
Milk
Plasma
Rumen
Ruminal Fluid
Serum
Urine

Concentrations

Biofluid	Status	Value	Condition	Species	Reference	Details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Ovine	17510975	details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Ovine	17510975	details
Colostrum	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	25637742	details
Colostrum	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	22417363	details
Colostrum	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	S. F. Graham, T. ...	details
Embryo culture media	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	20058302	details
Embryo culture media	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	20058302	details
Feces	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Ovine	17249687	details
Feces	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Equine	E. E. Escalona, J...	details
Follicular Fluid	Detected and Quantified	250 +/- 10-280+/-10 uM	Not Available	Porcine	183842	details
Jejunum	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Porcine	21584308	details
Kidney	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Porcine	21761043	details
Kidney perfusate	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Porcine	25502759	details
Liver	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Porcine	21761043	details
Lung	Detected and Quantified	0.09+/-0.009 umol/g	Not Available	Porcine	23412987	details
Meat	Detected and Quantified	111.25 +/- 11.56 uM	Not Available	Bovine	20831251	details
Meat	Detected and Quantified	115.1 +/- 15.63 uM	Not Available	Bovine	20831251	details
Meat	Detected and Quantified	268.81 +/- 19.22 uM	Not Available	Bovine	20831251	details
Meat	Detected and Quantified	76.65 +/- 5.44 uM	Not Available	Bovine	20831251	details
Meat	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	25637742	details
Meat	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Porcine	24200563	details
Meat	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	22417363	details
Meat	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	S. F. Graham, T. ...	details
Meat	Detected and Quantified	0.71+/-0.08 umol/g	Not Available	Bovine	S. F. Graham, T. ...	details
Meat	Detected and Quantified	1.10+/-0.15 umol/g	Not Available	Bovine	S. F. Graham, T. ...	details
Meat	Detected and Quantified	1.95+/-0.27 umol/g	Not Available	Bovine	S. F. Graham, T. ...	details
Meat	Detected and Quantified	2.73+/-0.49 umol/g	Not Available	Bovine	S. F. Graham, T. ...	details
Milk	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	23497994	details
Milk	Detected and Quantified	5-29 uM	Not Available	Bovine	20338431	details
Milk	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	25108860	details
Milk	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	Kurt J. Boudonck,...	details
Milk	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	25087032	details
Plasma	Detected and Quantified	252.1 uM	Not Available	Porcine	25820777	details
Plasma	Detected and Quantified	331.63 uM	Not Available	Porcine	25820777	details
Plasma	Detected and Quantified	446.11 uM	Not Available	Porcine	25820777	details
Plasma	Detected and Quantified	515.42 uM	Not Available	Porcine	25820777	details
Plasma	Detected and Quantified	225 +/- 17-239+/-11 uM	Not Available	Porcine	22513987	details
Plasma	Detected and Quantified	297 +/- 31-305+/-45 uM	Not Available	Porcine	22513987	details
Plasma	Detected and Quantified	316 +/- 64-328+/-40 uM	Not Available	Porcine	22513987	details
Plasma	Detected and Quantified	161.9 uM	Not Available	Bovine	17197001	details
Plasma	Detected and Quantified	169.3 uM	Not Available	Bovine	17197001	details
Plasma	Detected and Quantified	187.3 uM	Not Available	Bovine	17197001	details
Plasma	Detected and Quantified	264.6 +/- 76.0 uM	Not Available	Ovine	17900638	details
Plasma	Detected and Quantified	91.9-271.8 uM	Not Available	Ovine	17900638	details
Plasma	Detected and Quantified	6135 +/- 1513 uM	Not Available	Bovine	Abdullah BAŞOĞLU,...	details
Plasma	Detected and Quantified	7212 +/- 2861 uM	Not Available	Bovine	Abdullah BAŞOĞLU,...	details
Plasma	Detected and Quantified	9431 +/- 903 uM	Not Available	Bovine	Abdullah BAŞOĞLU,...	details
Plasma	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	22370585	details
Plasma	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	22370585	details
Plasma	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	24440255	details
Plasma	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	24630653	details
Plasma	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Porcine	22612070	details
Plasma	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Porcine	21859467	details
Plasma	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Porcine	23100586	details
Plasma	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Ovine	17249687	details
Plasma	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Porcine	19603403	details
Plasma	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Ovine	22242129	details
Plasma	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Ovine	17249687	details
Plasma	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	Trabi M, Keller M...	details
Plasma	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Porcine	22675387	details
Plasma	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Porcine	20231903	details
Plasma	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Equine	E. E. Escalona, J...	details
Plasma	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Equine	21496096	details
Plasma	Detected and Quantified	182.77 +/- 32.79-266.84+/-32.79 uM	Not Available	Porcine	22492530	details
Plasma	Detected and Quantified	267.77 +/- 34.89-216.95+/-34.89 uM	Not Available	Porcine	22492530	details
Rumen	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	Hanne Christine B...	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	132 uM	Not Available	Bovine	22959937	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	133.8 uM	Not Available	Bovine	22959937	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	188.1 uM	Not Available	Bovine	22959937	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	247.8 uM	Not Available	Bovine	22959937	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	109 uM	Not Available	Bovine	Burim NA, Qendrim...	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	109 uM	Not Available	Bovine	Burim NA, Qendrim...	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	166 uM	Not Available	Bovine	Burim NA, Qendrim...	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	173 uM	Not Available	Bovine	Burim NA, Qendrim...	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	187 +/- 12 uM	Not Available	Bovine	22706048	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	197 +/- 31 uM	Not Available	Bovine	22706048	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	94.1 +/- 23 uM	Not Available	Bovine	22706048	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	25599412	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	128 +/- 33 uM	Not Available	Bovine	Saleem F, Bouatra...	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	139 +/- 34 uM	Not Available	Bovine	Saleem F, Bouatra...	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	143 +/- 52 uM	Not Available	Bovine	Saleem F, Bouatra...	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	144 +/- 72 uM	Not Available	Bovine	Saleem F, Bouatra...	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	24617926	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	199 +/- 60 uM	Not Available	Bovine	Saleem F, Bouatra...	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	248 +/- 55 uM	Not Available	Bovine	Saleem F, Bouatra...	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	549 +/- 44 uM	Not Available	Caprine	22706048	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	225.7656 +/- 108.0229 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	184.4305 +/- 45.1788 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	152.8529 +/- 35.1917 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	241.927 +/- 86.8788 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	258.6889 +/- 62.8376 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	222.1 uM	Not Available	Porcine	Barbara U. Metzle...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	269.2 uM	Not Available	Porcine	Barbara U. Metzle...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	303.3 uM	Not Available	Porcine	Barbara U. Metzle...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	310.8 uM	Not Available	Porcine	Barbara U. Metzle...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	230.6907 +/- 94.0076 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	178.4103 +/- 23.2293 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	190.7778 +/- 63.2972 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	198.44 +/- 80.21 uM	Not Available	Ovine	Candidate serum m...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	260.3469 +/- 89.2486 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	182.9021 +/- 47.5755 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	186.604 uM	Not Available	Porcine	26020888	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	163.3 uM	Not Available	Porcine	26020888	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	176.617 uM	Not Available	Porcine	26020888	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	232.1806 +/- 86.8032 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	19275474	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	218.8574 +/- 72.6267 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Porcine	21942754	details
Serum	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Porcine	18989615	details
Serum	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Porcine	23255817	details
Serum	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Porcine	26020888	details
Serum	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Porcine	22761248	details
Serum	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Porcine	21584308	details
Serum	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	23394630	details
Serum	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	25372282	details
Serum	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	25372282	details
Serum	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	25372282	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	263.2744 +/- 85.8923 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Porcine	21761043	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	260 +/- 20 uM	Not Available	Porcine	183842	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	189.4402 +/- 55.2702 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Porcine	21429726	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	165.8448 +/- 26.4541 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Caprine	24214495	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	221.5363 +/- 68.5258 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	203.5219 +/- 98.3737 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	178.5188 +/- 49.5155 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	161.3872 +/- 36.0306 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	260.1636 +/- 101.405 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Urine	Detected and Quantified	38 umol/mmol creatinine	Not Available	Porcine	23741447	details
Urine	Detected and Quantified	7 umol/mmol creatinine	Not Available	Porcine	23741447	details
Urine	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Porcine	21761043	details
Urine	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Equine	E. E. Escalona, J...	details