Livestock Metabolome Database: Showing metabocard for Beryllium (LMDB00399)

Identification Taxonomy Ontology Physical properties Spectra Biological properties Concentrations Links References XML

Record Information

Version

1.0

Creation Date

2016-07-13 19:48:59 UTC

Update Date

2016-07-20 20:53:29 UTC

Lmdb

LMDB00399

Secondary Accession Numbers

None

Metabolite Identification

Common Name

Beryllium

Description

Beryllium is a light-weight metallic element, which was first recognized as a lung hazard in Europe in the 1930s, shortly after its first production in modern industry. People exposed to beryllium compounds are at increased risk of developing beryllium sensitization and chronic beryllium disease (CBD). The chronic lung disease was first described among workers exposed to beryllium-containing materials used in the manufacture of fluorescent lamps. In primary production of beryllium metal, which was used in nuclear weapons components, physicians recognized severe dermatitis, reversible pneumonitis, and chronic granulomatous lung disease. Physiologically, this metal/element exists as an ion in the body. It is now recognized that the physicochemical properties of beryllium compounds may account for the differing clinical presentations in different industries. In primary production of beryllium metal, soluble salts are present and cause rashes in approximately one fourth of exposed workers and reversible acute pneumonitis in a smaller portion of the workforce. After heavy inhalation exposures, radiographic abnormalities evolve at approximately three weeks; resolution of symptoms and radiologic abnormalities away from exposure occur only after months, but symptoms recur immediately upon reexposure. The granulomatous nature of chronic beryllium disease is now known to be caused by cell-mediated sensitization to beryllium. Chronic beryllium disease (CBD) is a granulomatous lung disorder characterized by the accumulation of beryllium-specific CD4(+) T cells. Depending on genetic susceptibility and the nature of the exposure, CBD occurs in up to 20% of exposed workers. Genetic susceptibility has been associated with particular HLA-DP alleles, especially those possessing a negatively charged glutamic acid residue at the 69th position of the beta-chain. The mechanism for this association lies in the ability of these HLA-DP molecules to bind and present beryllium to pathogenic CD4(+) T cells. Large numbers of effector memory, beryllium-specific CD4(+) T cells are recruited to the lung of these subjects and secrete Th1-type cytokines upon beryllium recognition. The presence of circulating beryllium-specific CD4(+) T cells directly correlates with the severity of lymphocytic alveolitis. Since 1987, this biomarker of sensitization has enabled medical surveillance of beryllium-exposed workforces. Beryllium lymphocyte proliferation tests have been used to screen workers to detect sensitization, to characterize epidemiologically workplace risks for beryllium sensitization, and to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions intended to prevent sensitization. The most compelling real-world example of genetic testing for susceptibility to a workplace exposure involves those industries that process or fabricate beryllium. Under reasonable assumptions, the longitudinal positive predictive value of the HLA-DPB1-Glu69 marker of susceptibility to beryllium disease is 12%. Interpretive challenges further limit the utility of the test and may inadvertently suggest a false sense of safety among workers. Reduction in inhalation exposure to beryllium has not resulted in a concomitant reduction in the occurrence of beryllium sensitization or CBD, suggesting that continued prevalence may be due, in part, to unchecked skin exposure to beryllium-containing particles. (PMID: 17094767 , 16697706 , 16231190 ).

Structure

MOL SDF PDB SMILES InChI

Synonyms

Value	Source
Be(2+)	ChEBI
Be	HMDB
Beryllium atom	HMDB
Beryllium element	HMDB
Beryllium metallicum	HMDB
Beryllium-9	HMDB
Glucinium	HMDB
Glucinum	HMDB

Chemical Formula

Average Molecular Weight

9.0122

Monoisotopic Molecular Weight

9.012182135

IUPAC Name

beryllium(2+) ion

Traditional Name

beryllium(2+) ion

CAS Registry Number

7440-41-7

SMILES

[Be++]

InChI Identifier

InChI=1S/Be/q+2

InChI Key

PWOSZCQLSAMRQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Chemical Taxonomy

Description

belongs to the class of inorganic compounds known as homogeneous alkaline earth metal compounds. These are inorganic compounds containing only metal atoms,with the largest atom being a alkaline earth metal atom.

Kingdom

Inorganic compounds

Super Class

Homogeneous metal compounds

Class

Homogeneous alkaline earth metal compounds

Sub Class

Not Available

Direct Parent

Homogeneous alkaline earth metal compounds

Alternative Parents

Not Available

Substituents

Homogeneous alkaline earth metal

Molecular Framework

Not Available

External Descriptors

monoatomic dication (CHEBI:30502 )
divalent metal cation (CHEBI:30502 )
beryllium cation (CHEBI:30502 )
a cation (CPD-1492 )

Ontology

Status

Detected and Quantified

Origin

Not Available

Biofunction

Not Available

Application

Not Available

Cellular locations

Not Available

Physical Properties

State

Not Available

Experimental Properties

Property	Value	Reference
Melting Point	Not Available	Not Available
Boiling Point	Not Available	Not Available
Water Solubility	Not Available	Not Available
LogP	Not Available	Not Available

Predicted Properties

Property	Value	Source
logP	0	ChemAxon
Physiological Charge	2	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count	0	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count	0	ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area	0 Å²	ChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count	0	ChemAxon
Refractivity	0 m³·mol⁻¹	ChemAxon
Polarizability	1.78 Å³	ChemAxon
Number of Rings	0	ChemAxon
Bioavailability	Yes	ChemAxon
Rule of Five	Yes	ChemAxon
Ghose Filter	Yes	ChemAxon
Veber's Rule	Yes	ChemAxon
MDDR-like Rule	Yes	ChemAxon

Spectra

Not Available

Biological Properties

Cellular Locations

Not Available

Biofluid Locations and Tissue Locations

Ruminal Fluid

Concentrations

Biofluid	Status	Value	Condition	Species	Reference	Details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	0.06 +/- 0.05 uM	Not Available	Bovine	Saleem F, Bouatra...	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	Fozia Saleem, Sou...	details

External Links

DrugBank ID

Not Available

HMDB ID

HMDB0002387

FooDB ID

FDB022990

Phenol Explorer ID

Not Available

KNApSAcK ID

Not Available

BiGG ID

Not Available

BioCyc ID

Not Available

METLIN ID

Not Available

PDB ID

Wikipedia Link

Chemspider ID

ChEBI ID

PubChem Compound ID

Kegg Compound ID

YMDB ID

Not Available

ECMDB ID

Not Available

References

Synthesis Reference

Not Available

Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)

Not Available

General References

Kreiss K, Day GA, Schuler CR: Beryllium: a modern industrial hazard. Annu Rev Public Health. 2007;28:259-77. [17094767 ]
Amicosante M, Fontenot AP: T cell recognition in chronic beryllium disease. Clin Immunol. 2006 Nov;121(2):134-43. Epub 2006 May 12. [16697706 ]
Day GA, Stefaniak AB, Weston A, Tinkle SS: Beryllium exposure: dermal and immunological considerations. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2006 Feb;79(2):161-4. Epub 2005 Oct 18. [16231190 ]

Showing metabocard for Beryllium (LMDB00399)

Structure for LMDB00399 (Beryllium)