Livestock Metabolome Database: Showing metabocard for L-Proline (LMDB00071)

Identification Taxonomy Ontology Physical properties Spectra Biological properties Concentrations Links References XML

Record Information

Version

1.0

Creation Date

2016-07-13 19:41:44 UTC

Update Date

2021-04-30 20:57:58 UTC

Lmdb

LMDB00071

Secondary Accession Numbers

None

Metabolite Identification

Common Name

L-Proline

Description

L-Proline, also known as L-prolin, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as proline and derivatives. Proline and derivatives are compounds containing proline or a derivative thereof resulting from reaction of proline at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of glycine by a heteroatom. It is an essential component of collagen and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons. L-Proline is a very strong basic compound (based on its pKa). L-Proline exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. Within humans, L-proline participates in a number of enzymatic reactions. In particular, L-proline can be biosynthesized from 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid through the action of the enzyme proline dehydrogenase 1, mitochondrial. In addition, L-proline can be converted into 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid; which is mediated by the enzyme pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 2. L-Proline is the only one of the twenty DNA-encoded amino acids which has a secondary amino group alpha to the carboxyl group. In humans, L-proline is involved in the metabolic disorder called hyperornithinemia with gyrate atrophy (hoga). L-Proline is an odorless tasting compound. Outside of the human body, L-Proline is found, on average, in the highest concentration within a few different foods, such as gelatins, caseins, and gelatin desserts and in a lower concentration in common walnuts, frozen yogurts, and greater sturgeons. L-Proline has also been detected, but not quantified in, several different foods, such as pomes, dandelions, beans, roman camomiles, and climbing beans. This could make L-proline a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. It also helps maintain and strengthen heart muscles. L-Proline is a potentially toxic compound. Pyrrolidine in which the pro-S hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a carboxylic acid group.

Structure

MOL SDF PDB SMILES InChI

Synonyms

Value	Source
(-)-(S)-Proline	ChEBI
(-)-2-Pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid	ChEBI
(-)-Proline	ChEBI
(2S)-Pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid	ChEBI
(S)-2-Carboxypyrrolidine	ChEBI
(S)-2-Pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid	ChEBI
(S)-Pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid	ChEBI
2-Pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid	ChEBI
L-(-)-Proline	ChEBI
L-alpha-Pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid	ChEBI
L-Prolin	ChEBI
L-Pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid	ChEBI
P	ChEBI
Prolina	ChEBI
PROLINE	ChEBI
Prolinum	ChEBI
(-)-2-Pyrrolidinecarboxylate	Generator
(2S)-Pyrrolidine-2-carboxylate	Generator
(S)-2-Pyrrolidinecarboxylate	Generator
(S)-Pyrrolidine-2-carboxylate	Generator
2-Pyrrolidinecarboxylate	Generator
L-a-Pyrrolidinecarboxylate	Generator
L-a-Pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid	Generator
L-alpha-Pyrrolidinecarboxylate	Generator
L-Α-pyrrolidinecarboxylate	Generator
L-Α-pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid	Generator
L-Pyrrolidine-2-carboxylate	Generator
(S)-(-)-Proline	HMDB
(S)-(-)-Pyrrolidine-2-carboxylate	HMDB
(S)-(-)-Pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid	HMDB
(S)-2-Pyrralidinecarboxylate	HMDB
(S)-2-Pyrralidinecarboxylic acid	HMDB
(S)-Proline	HMDB
L Proline	HMDB

Chemical Formula

C₅H₉NO₂

Average Molecular Weight

115.1305

Monoisotopic Molecular Weight

115.063328537

IUPAC Name

(2S)-pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid

Traditional Name

L-proline

CAS Registry Number

147-85-3

SMILES

OC(=O)[C@@H]1CCCN1

InChI Identifier

InChI=1S/C5H9NO2/c7-5(8)4-2-1-3-6-4/h4,6H,1-3H2,(H,7,8)/t4-/m0/s1

InChI Key

ONIBWKKTOPOVIA-BYPYZUCNSA-N

Chemical Taxonomy

Description

belongs to the class of organic compounds known as proline and derivatives. Proline and derivatives are compounds containing proline or a derivative thereof resulting from reaction of proline at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of glycine by a heteroatom.

Kingdom

Organic compounds

Super Class

Organic acids and derivatives

Class

Carboxylic acids and derivatives

Sub Class

Amino acids, peptides, and analogues

Direct Parent

Proline and derivatives

Alternative Parents

Substituents

Proline or derivatives
Alpha-amino acid
L-alpha-amino acid
Pyrrolidine carboxylic acid
Pyrrolidine carboxylic acid or derivatives
Pyrrolidine
Amino acid
Carboxylic acid
Secondary aliphatic amine
Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
Secondary amine
Organoheterocyclic compound
Azacycle
Organic oxygen compound
Organooxygen compound
Organonitrogen compound
Amine
Organopnictogen compound
Organic oxide
Carbonyl group
Organic nitrogen compound
Hydrocarbon derivative
Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compound

Molecular Framework

Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compounds

External Descriptors

proteinogenic amino acid (CHEBI:17203 )
L-alpha-amino acid (CHEBI:17203 )
proline (CHEBI:17203 )
glutamine family amino acid (CHEBI:17203 )
Common amino acids (C00148 )

Ontology

Status

Detected and Quantified

Origin

Not Available

Biofunction

Not Available

Application

Not Available

Cellular locations

Not Available

Physical Properties

State

Not Available

Experimental Properties

Property	Value	Reference
Melting Point	Not Available	Not Available
Boiling Point	Not Available	Not Available
Water Solubility	Not Available	Not Available
LogP	Not Available	Not Available

Predicted Properties

Property	Value	Source
logP	-2.7	ALOGPS
logP	-2.6	ChemAxon
logS	0.5	ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)	1.94	ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)	11.33	ChemAxon
Physiological Charge	0	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count	3	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count	2	ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area	49.33 Å²	ChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count	1	ChemAxon
Refractivity	28.06 m³·mol⁻¹	ChemAxon
Polarizability	11.5 Å³	ChemAxon
Number of Rings	1	ChemAxon
Bioavailability	Yes	ChemAxon
Rule of Five	Yes	ChemAxon
Ghose Filter	Yes	ChemAxon
Veber's Rule	Yes	ChemAxon
MDDR-like Rule	Yes	ChemAxon

Spectra

Spectrum Type	Description	Splash Key	View
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (2 TMS)	splash10-0006-0910000000-a9127c0e370afb80259b	Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (2 TMS)	splash10-000f-0910000000-3195f21e625520d51316	Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (Non-derivatized)	splash10-0006-0900000000-119af746c347969e8ae7	Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (2 TMS)	splash10-006x-8900000000-b31beabb1ed6235e7145	Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (1 TMS)	splash10-00di-9100000000-c1c67bc521741ee891cb	Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (2 TMS)	splash10-0006-1900000000-84e6fb318323fd0261b1	Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (1 TMS)	splash10-00xs-8910000000-74b0c34ca5fd7c85f1d9	Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - EI-B (Non-derivatized)	splash10-00fu-9000000000-716c3d01b301162863b6	Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - EI-B (Non-derivatized)	splash10-0006-0900000000-0d7354201ed866c87b13	Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)	splash10-0006-0910000000-a9127c0e370afb80259b	Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)	splash10-000f-0910000000-3195f21e625520d51316	Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)	splash10-0006-0900000000-119af746c347969e8ae7	Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-QQ (Non-derivatized)	splash10-001i-1920000000-09006ee4e7a137d8a45a	Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)	splash10-006x-8900000000-b31beabb1ed6235e7145	Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized)	splash10-0006-1900000000-84e6fb318323fd0261b1	Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized)	splash10-00xs-8910000000-74b0c34ca5fd7c85f1d9	Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized)	splash10-00di-9100000000-c1c67bc521741ee891cb	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive	splash10-00fu-9000000000-d203e3dfb0701403a75b	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (1 TMS) - 70eV, Positive	splash10-00di-9000000000-56471980a375d26046ca	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_2) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TBDMS_1_1) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TBDMS_1_2) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 10V, Positive (Annotated)	splash10-00xr-9600000000-ba51a901e786b1a4663e	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 25V, Positive (Annotated)	splash10-00di-9000000000-f72e2f3812225708fc56	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 40V, Positive (Annotated)	splash10-00di-9000000000-59887da6580f63bcc1c5	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - EI-B (HITACHI M-80) , Positive	splash10-00fu-9000000000-c69dcaf7cb2d1e9d285e	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive	splash10-014i-0930000000-984f9a23ebfe28f95017	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive	splash10-014i-9000000000-f75575cac28a54aa923d	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive	splash10-00di-9000000000-221cfb8c82f3df76eb51	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive	splash10-014i-0900000000-e5741fd9870218d57caf	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive	splash10-014i-0900000000-6bc9b4e775be37fa18d9	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive	splash10-014i-9000000000-a8eb419b26655a6a1dab	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive	splash10-00di-9000000000-873ee03b61d1ffcae70f	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive	splash10-014i-0900000000-61d583960651669fb9e6	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 10V, Negative	splash10-03di-0900000000-2c23774af5f6a0c217d5	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 20V, Negative	splash10-03di-0900000000-d89c1e626ef24a79c89f	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 30V, Negative	splash10-03di-1900000000-fc27094f2eb75e65b438	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 10V, Positive	splash10-014i-1900000000-3221c23504b8847abf8d	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 20V, Positive	splash10-00di-9100000000-8169367f5127c57fae12	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 30V, Positive	splash10-00di-9000000000-f704eb8402fcacfccd18	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 40V, Positive	splash10-00di-9000000000-ccd74eea36efab2cbab8	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 50V, Positive	splash10-00di-9000000000-9f214692cd39a6581813	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - CE-ESI-TOF (CE-system connected to 6210 Time-of-Flight MS, Agilent) , Positive	splash10-014i-0900000000-ef038c77922e4c89eeb0	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF (UPLC Q-Tof Premier, Waters) , Positive	splash10-00di-9400000000-4073ea1df57a60b36d69	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF (UPLC Q-Tof Premier, Waters) 30V, Positive	splash10-00di-9000000000-495fdbd2f565bd794632	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF (UPLC Q-Tof Premier, Waters) , Negative	splash10-03di-0900000000-e1d0a4b20419dc7bae92	Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive	splash10-014i-6900000000-eba8ceb2a71d2726acd0	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
2D NMR	[1H,1H] 2D NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
2D NMR	[1H,13C] 2D NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum

Biological Properties

Cellular Locations

Not Available

Biofluid Locations and Tissue Locations

Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
Colostrum
Feces
Follicular Fluid
Jejunum
Kidney
Liver
Lung
Meat
Milk
Plasma
Ruminal Fluid
Serum
Urine

Concentrations

Biofluid	Status	Value	Condition	Species	Reference	Details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Ovine	17510975	details
Colostrum	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	S. F. Graham, T. ...	details
Colostrum	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	22361340	details
Colostrum	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	22417363	details
Feces	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Ovine	17249687	details
Follicular Fluid	Detected and Quantified	170 +/- 0-270+/-30 uM	Not Available	Porcine	183842	details
Jejunum	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Porcine	21584308	details
Kidney	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Porcine	21761043	details
Liver	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Porcine	21761043	details
Lung	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Porcine	23412987	details
Meat	Detected and Quantified	5.12+/-1.46 umol/g	Not Available	Bovine	S. F. Graham, T. ...	details
Meat	Detected and Quantified	5.59+/-1.45 umol/g	Not Available	Bovine	S. F. Graham, T. ...	details
Meat	Detected and Quantified	5.95+/-1.89 umol/g	Not Available	Bovine	S. F. Graham, T. ...	details
Meat	Detected and Quantified	6.67+/-2.85 umol/g	Not Available	Bovine	S. F. Graham, T. ...	details
Meat	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	S. F. Graham, T. ...	details
Meat	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	22361340	details
Meat	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	22417363	details
Milk	Detected and Quantified	11-47 uM	Not Available	Bovine	20338431	details
Milk	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	Kurt J. Boudonck,...	details
Milk	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	25108860	details
Plasma	Detected and Quantified	270 +/- 16-319+/-27 uM	Not Available	Porcine	22513987	details
Plasma	Detected and Quantified	312 +/- 2-303+/-9 uM	Not Available	Porcine	22513987	details
Plasma	Detected and Quantified	331 +/- 30-311+/-18 uM	Not Available	Porcine	22513987	details
Plasma	Detected and Quantified	45.7 uM	Not Available	Bovine	17197001	details
Plasma	Detected and Quantified	48.9 uM	Not Available	Bovine	17197001	details
Plasma	Detected and Quantified	55.3 uM	Not Available	Bovine	17197001	details
Plasma	Detected and Quantified	109.0 +/- 33.5 uM	Not Available	Ovine	17900638	details
Plasma	Detected and Quantified	70.5-116.6 uM	Not Available	Ovine	17900638	details
Plasma	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Porcine	25502722	details
Plasma	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	25913299	details
Plasma	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	25913299	details
Plasma	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	24440255	details
Plasma	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	24630653	details
Plasma	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Ovine	17249687	details
Plasma	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Ovine	22242129	details
Plasma	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Porcine	24624922	details
Plasma	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	24070026	details
Plasma	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Porcine	20231903	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	124 +/- 9 uM	Not Available	Bovine	Saleem F, Bouatra...	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	158 +/- 24 uM	Not Available	Bovine	Saleem F, Bouatra...	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	158 +/- 24 uM	Not Available	Bovine	Saleem F, Bouatra...	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	158 +/- 33 uM	Not Available	Bovine	Saleem F, Bouatra...	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	173 +/- 29 uM	Not Available	Bovine	Saleem F, Bouatra...	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	220 +/- 31 uM	Not Available	Bovine	Saleem F, Bouatra...	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	117 uM	Not Available	Bovine	Burim NA, Qendrim...	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	130 uM	Not Available	Bovine	Burim NA, Qendrim...	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	141 uM	Not Available	Bovine	Burim NA, Qendrim...	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	165 uM	Not Available	Bovine	Burim NA, Qendrim...	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	154.6 uM	Not Available	Bovine	22959937	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	159.6 uM	Not Available	Bovine	22959937	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	173.2 uM	Not Available	Bovine	22959937	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	289 +/- 49 uM	Not Available	Bovine	22706048	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	220.4 uM	Not Available	Bovine	22959937	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	399 +/- 90 uM	Not Available	Bovine	22706048	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	418 +/- 86 uM	Not Available	Bovine	22706048	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	1,230 +/- 45 uM	Not Available	Caprine	22706048	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	73.6147 +/- 37.5053 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	70.689 +/- 21.6607 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	331.2 uM	Not Available	Porcine	Barbara U. Metzle...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	67.8739 +/- 22.3104 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	409.9 uM	Not Available	Porcine	Barbara U. Metzle...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	413.5 uM	Not Available	Porcine	Barbara U. Metzle...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	432 uM	Not Available	Porcine	Barbara U. Metzle...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	66.8707 +/- 27.1794 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	79.9 +/- 38.5 uM	Not Available	Ovine	Candidate serum m...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	63.4907 +/- 23.8216 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	76.646 +/- 32.8903 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	59.0917 +/- 12.9098 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	67.2281 +/- 23.0711 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	322.504 uM	Not Available	Porcine	26020888	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	256.144 uM	Not Available	Porcine	26020888	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	369.581 uM	Not Available	Porcine	26020888	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	304.871 uM	Not Available	Porcine	26020888	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	67.192 +/- 23.9985 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	84.9116 +/- 37.8265 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	78.1651 +/- 38.4436 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	69.6385 +/- 23.83 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	87.1761 +/- 40.6641 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	220 +/- 70 uM	Not Available	Porcine	183842	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	62.6138 +/- 25.4372 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	63.2493 +/- 20.6131 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Porcine	21942754	details
Serum	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Porcine	18989615	details
Serum	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Porcine	23255817	details
Serum	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Porcine	26020888	details
Serum	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Porcine	22761248	details
Serum	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Porcine	21584308	details
Serum	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	25372282	details
Serum	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	25372282	details
Serum	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	25372282	details
Serum	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Porcine	21761043	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	84.8209 +/- 34.9916 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	78.232 +/- 52.2721 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Porcine	21429726	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	64.2172 +/- 20.8961 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	65.5948 +/- 27.228 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	74.8984 +/- 42.5547 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Urine	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Porcine	21761043	details